中文摘要：

研究地形对黑土区坡面侵蚀-沉积空间分布特征的影响可以为水土保持措施配置提供科学依据。以典型黑土区——黑龙江省宾县东山沟小流域为研究区域,在流域上游、中游和下游各选取2个典型坡面,坡面种植作物均为玉米。典型坡面坡顶、坡上、坡中、坡下和坡脚的平均坡度分别为3.1°,3.0°,4.0°,2.8°,1.2°。利用137Cs示踪技术,分析了坡度、坡长和坡形对坡面侵蚀—沉积空间分布特征的影响。结果表明：研究流域农耕地坡面以侵蚀为主,平均侵蚀速率为448 t km^-2 a^-1 ;坡面不同部位土壤侵蚀—沉积分布特征差异明显,坡顶、坡上、坡中和坡下主要表现为侵蚀,平均侵蚀速率分别为819、376、1 000和634 t km^-2 a^-1 ,而坡脚表现为明显的沉积,平均沉积速率为-1382 t km^-2 a^-1 。不同坡形坡面侵蚀-沉积分布存在差异,凸形坡坡面表现为先侵蚀后沉积的分布特征,而复合坡坡面呈现出侵蚀-沉积交错分布特征;坡面土壤侵蚀速率与坡度和坡长均呈极显著的幂函数关系,而坡度对黑土区坡面侵蚀的影响明显大于坡长,反映了即使在长坡缓地形的黑土区坡度对侵蚀的影响仍然有重要作用。因此,在黑土区配置合理的水土保持措施时,应尽量削弱坡度对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响。

英文摘要：

The knowledge about impacts of the topography on soil erosion and deposition on hillslope in the typical of the black soil region may serve as a scientific basis for arrangement of soil and water conservation measures in small catchments. However,currently,litter is available in literatures related the effects of topography factors（the slope position,slope gradient,slope length and slope shape）on spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition on hillslope in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. This paper,based on the 137 Cs trace technique and Zhang Xinbao＇s mass balance model,studied on quantitatively spatial distribution characteristics of hillslope soil erosion and deposition and analyzed influences of topography factors on soil erosion rate. A small catchment,called Dongshangou,located at Bin county,Heilongjiang Province,was selected and a total of 76 soil samples were collected at various position from six typical slopes profiles which located at the upper,middle and down streams,respectively,in additional,8 background samples,for analysis of 137 Cs activity with a gamma-ray spectrometry and for estimation soil erosion-deposition rates with Zhang＇s mode. Results show that soil erosion and deposition rates on corn-cultivated hillslopes ranged from-4 685 t km^-2 a^-1 to 3 417 t km^-2 a^-1（＋ means soil erosion and-means soil deposition）and with a mean of 448 t km^-2 a^-1,and the sampling sites where soil erosion and deposition occurred accounted for 60.5% and 39.5% of the total in number,which indicated that the catchment was dominated with soil erosion. Distribution of soil erosion and deposition varied significantly with slope position. The entire hillslope,including the top,upper,middle and lower slopes,were dominated with soil erosion,with erosion rate varying in the range of 38 t km^-2 a^-1 to 3 318 t km^-2 a^-1;and averaged to be 819,376,1 000,and 634 t km^-2 a^-1,at the top,upper,middle and lower slope,respectively. Obvious deposition was observed in the foot of a slope,v