中文摘要：

推导了分粒级的表面分形维数计算公式，根据推导公式计算了分粒级沉积物的分维值.应用已有的表面分形分维计算公式分别计算了黄河包头段沉积物整体的表面分形分维（1.91）及〈63μm粒级的分维值（1.36），揭示出黄河水环境的磨蚀和分选2个原因引起黄河包头段沉积物低的分维值.用分形校正吸附模型、Freundlich和Langmuir吸附模型对黄河包头段重金属分粒级沉积物吸附进行了拟合，表明分形校正吸附模型具有较好的适用性，同时揭示分形校正吸附模型与MEA理论结合能更好的对热力学吸附结果进行描述；由吸附结果分析得出4种重金属因粒径引起的吸附量变化程度序列为Cu〉Pb〉Zn≈Cd，初始浓度高的吸附量曲线变化较初始浓度低的曲线变化明显，同时指出Cu、Pb的吸附主要与矿物组成有关，而Zn、Cd的吸附则与吸附剂沉积物空间几何性质（或沉积物表面物理特征）有关.

英文摘要：

The expression of surface fractal dimension （SFD） for size fractions of the Yellow River sediment was deduced. Based on the expression, the SFD value of different size fractions of the sediment was calculated. The SFD value of the sediment in the Baotou section of the Yellow River is 1.91, and the SFD value of the sediment smaller than 63 μm is 1.36, indicating strong ablation and separating ability of the Yellow River water. Using the modified fractal model, Freundlich model and Langmuir model to fit the data of heavy metal （ Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd） adsorption, it is found that the modified fractal model is more available. And the adsorptive thermodynamics is better described by combining the modified fractal model and metastable equilibrium adsorption （MEA） theory. The variation extents of equilibrium adsorption capacity influenced by different grain size are ranked as Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Zn ≈ Cd. For each selected heavy metal, the higher initial concentration is, the stronger variation of adsorption capacity will be. The adsorptions of Cu and Pb are mainly associated with mineral composition of the sediment, while the adsorptions of Zn and Cd are mainly associated with physical characteristics of the sediment surface.