中文摘要：

小麦返白系在苗期受到4℃低温35-45d诱导后,表现自心叶白化的现象,已有研究表明白化心叶质体发育异常、类囊体膜结构降解。为了进一步研究返白系中质体基因的表达是否在低温下受到影响,以及细胞对低温的响应与信号传递是否受阻,本研究用半定量RT-PCR的方法,检测持续低温条件下返白系（F）与对照矮变1号（A）苗期44个质体基因表达谱的差异,并分析外源ABA与Ca^2＋预处理对低温条件下12个质体基因表达的影响。结果显示,持续低温条件下,F与A展开叶与心叶质体基因表达模式显著不同,心叶中有14个质体基因的表达在返白系中持续下调;外源ABA预处理会诱导F多数质体基因表达上调,有5个基因cemA、clpP、petN、psbM和petD在F与A心叶中表现差异,其中psbM的差异最显著;低温条件下,外源CaCl2预处理显著上调F与A展开叶及A心叶质体基因的表达,却抑制了F心叶质体基因的表达。这些结果表明：在低温条件下F与A心叶质体基因的表达模式有显著差异,外源ABA与Ca^2＋预处理对F与A质体基因表达的影响不同,揭示了两个材料对ABA与Ca^2＋信号的响应与传递不同。

英文摘要：

Wheat albino line shows the stage albinism phenomena from interior leaves under continued low temperature （4℃） for about 35 to 45 days, and low temperature will inhibit the development of chloroplasts, and induce the structure destruction of thylakoids. In order to study whether the expression of chloroplast genes in wheat albino line was affected by low temperature and the response and signaling transduction to low temperature was hindered, semi quantitative PCR were used to detect the difference in the expression patterns of 44 plastid genes between albino line （F） and its parent wheat Aibian 1（A）, and the effect of exogenous ABA and Ca^2＋ pretreatment on the expression of 12 plastid genes were also assayed. The results indicated that the expression patterns of plastid genes in different tissues （interior and expanding leaves） were distinct between two wheat lines. There were 14 plastid genes in interior leaves were down regulated constantly in albino wheat under low temperature. Exogenous ABA would up regulate the expression of most plastid genes in albino line, and induce the expression difference of cemA, clpP, petN, psbM and petD in interior leaves between albino line and Aibian 1. Ca^2＋ pretreatment could up regulate the expressions of plastid genes in the expanding leaves of albino line and both interior and expanding leaves of Aibian 1, while inhibit plastid genes expression in the interior leaves of albino line. To conclude, the cold condition could induce the expression difference of plastid genes between albino strain and its control cultivar, and exogenous ABA and Ca^2＋ had different effect on the expression of plastid gene in wheat seedlings, this revealed the different responses and transduction of plants to ABA and Ca^2＋.