中文摘要：

环境在符号表征理论与具身认知理论研究中具有截然不同的两种进路。它蕴含着三个重要问题：何为环境，何为认知以及环境与认知之间的关系何如。符号表征理论与具身认知理论对这三个问题的不同理解，为环境是耦合系统的不完全表征观点提供了辩护，即环境既会表现为离线的表征，又会作为在线的耦合成分进入认知活动之中，它们并不矛盾，而是体现了认知发展的不同阶段，并能够相容于认知的动力耦合模型。

英文摘要：

There are two different approaches to environment in symbolic representation theory and embodied cognition. It embraces three questions： What is environment？ What is cognition？ What is their relationship？ This paper explains their difference and defends that environment has both the online and offline features, which are not contradictory and will embody different developmental stages of human cognition. As a partial representation, the different features of environment can be compatible in dynamic coupled model