中文摘要：

采用传统水蒸气蒸馏（steam distillation,SD）和超声微波协同水蒸气蒸馏（ultrasonic-microwave assisted steam distillation,UMASD）两种方法分别提取南五味子和北五味子中的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析鉴定,比较两种方法对挥发油收率和成分的影响以及不同品种五味子挥发油化学成分的差异.两种方法SD、UMASD提取的南五味子的挥发油收率分别为1.2％、1.4％;北五味子的挥发油收率分别为1.3％、1.8％.根据保留指数和NIST库检索匹配等方法进行定性分析,南五味子共鉴定出化合物种类分别为50、54种;北五味子共鉴定出化合物种类分别为54、55种.结果表明：挥发油中主要含有醇、酯和烃类化合物,且由于产地和前处理方法不同,各种挥发油的含量和成分有一定的差异.两种方法均使用水作为溶剂,具有绿色环保无污染的优点;UMASD法较SD法挥发油收率略有提高;SD法萃取时间需要6h,UMASD法将萃取时间缩短至1h.UMASD是一个高效、快速、简单、节能和绿色环保的新型挥发油提取技术.

英文摘要：

In this study,the chemical components of volatile oils from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis （Turcz.） Baill and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.were extracted using either ultrasonic-microwave assisted steam distillation （UMASD） or traditional steam distillation （SD） and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The yield of volatile oil extracted by SD and UMASD was 1.2％ and 1.4％ from Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.fruits,and 1.3％ and 1.8％ from Schisandra chinensis （Turcz.） Baill fruits,respectively.The results of qualitative analysis based on retention index through NIST spectral library searching showed that 50 and 54 compounds were identified from the volatile oils from Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.fruits extracted by SD and UMASD,respectively,and 54 and 55 compounds in the volatile oils from Schisandra chinensis （Turcz.） Baill extracted by the two methods,respectively.The four volatile oils mainly consisted of alcohols,ketones,esters and alkyl compounds.Their composition and contents varied depending on location and sample pretreatment.The SD process took 6 h,while the extraction time was shortened to 1 h for UMASD.The present study suggestes that UMASD is an efficient,rapid,simple and green technique for the extraction of volatile oil from plant matrices.