中文摘要：

光催化还原CO2生成烃类燃料是一种可同时解决全球变暖和能源危机问题的最有效途径之一.尽管这方面的研究已经取得了一定的进展,但是整体的光催化转换效率还非常低.因此,需要发展更加高效的催化剂.由于半导体材料禁带宽度与太阳光谱相匹配,人们已经对其进行了广泛研究.其中Ti O2因具有无毒、强氧化性以及良好的光学和电学性质等而成为最主要的研究对象.但是对于光催化还原CO2反应来说,Ti O2仍存在很多不足,如只能吸收太阳光谱中的紫外光,光生载流子会快速结合,以及光生空穴的强氧化能力等,这些都限制了其光催化还原CO2的效率.采用窄禁带宽度半导体修饰Ti O2是解决上述不足的有效途径之一.本文采用简单的电化学方法成功制备了一种由窄禁带半导体Cu2O修饰的Ti O2纳米管（TNTs）的复合物,并运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）以及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表征了所制备复合物的形貌、化学组成和结晶度.表征结果显示,所制备的Ti O2为整齐排列的纳米管阵列结构;复合物中的纳米颗粒为Cu2O;当电化学沉积Cu2O的时间为5 min时,得到的Cu2O纳米颗粒初步呈类八面体结构.随着沉积时间的增加,Cu2O颗粒尺寸增加,具有八面体结构.XRD和XPS结果表明,Ti O2纳米管为锐钛矿,八面体Cu2O纳米颗粒的主要暴露晶面为（111）面.我们还进一步研究了不同量Cu2O纳米颗粒修饰的Ti O2纳米管复合物在可见光以及模拟太阳光下光催化还原CO2的能力.在可见光下,由于自身的禁带宽度,纯净的Ti O2纳米管没有任何光催化还原CO2的能力;经过Cu2O纳米颗粒的修饰,复合物显现出明显的光催化还原CO2的能力,其中经过30 min Cu2O沉积的TNTs具有最高的光催化效率.在模拟太阳光下,经过15 min Cu2O沉积的TNTs具有最高的光催化效率.在所有光催化还原CO2过程中,主要碳氢产物为甲烷.为了深入

英文摘要：

A photocatalyst composed of TiO 2 nanotube arrays（TNTs） and octahedral Cu2 O nanoparticles was fabricated,and its performance in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 under visible and simulated solar irradiation was studied. The average nanotube diameter and length was 100 nm and 5 μm,respectively. The different amount of octahedral Cu2 O modified TNTs were obtained by varying electrochemical deposition time. TNTs modified with an optimized amount of Cu2 O nanoparticles exhibited high efficiency in the photocatalysis,and the predominant hydrocarbon product was methane. The methane yield increased with increasing Cu2 O content of the catalyst up to a certain deposition time,and decreased with further increase in Cu2 O deposition time. Insufficient deposition time（5 min） resulted in a small amount of Cu2 O nanoparticles on the TNTs,leading to the disadvantage of harvesting light. However,excess deposition time（45 min） gave rise to entire TNT surface being most covered with Cu2 O nanoparticles with large sizes,inconvenient for the transport of photo-generated carriers. The highest methane yield under simulated solar and visible light irradiation was observed for the catalysts prepared at a Cu2 O deposition time of 15 and 30 min respectively. The morphology,crystallization,photoresponse and electrochemical properties of the catalyst were characterized to understand the mechanism of its high photocatalytic activity. The TNT structure provided abundant active sites for the adsorption of reactants,and promoted the transport of photogenerated carriers that improved charge separation. Modifying the TNTs with octahedral Cu2 O nanoparticles promoted light absorption,and prevented the hydrocarbon product from oxidation. These factors provided the Cu2O-modified TNT photocatalyst with high efficiency in the reduction of CO2,without requiring co-catalysts or sacrificial agents.