中文摘要：

目的：探讨不同家庭结构下夫妻暴力施暴者和受虐者的社会心理学特征。方法：采取多级分层随机抽样方法，用自编家庭暴力问卷、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克人格问卷、特质应对方式问卷对80户城市有暴力行为的家庭，以及按照以家庭结构相近作为配对条件，从无暴力行为的家庭中选取96户作为对照家庭。并在对照家庭中选取与施暴者性别、年龄基本情况相配者96人作为施暴者的对照组作横断面调查访谈。结果：（1）施暴组中丈夫65人（81％），妻子15人（19％），受虐组中妻子65人（19％），丈夫15人（85％）；对照组中丈夫83人（86％），妻子13人（14％）。（2）施暴组的SCL-90总分以及各因子分与对照组比较均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；施暴组的消极应对分高于受虐组（29．6±8．3／29．5／7．4，F=2．127，P〈0．05）；施暴组精神质分低于受虐组（65．9±9．6／69．8±12．9±12．9，F=2．185，P〈0．05），社会支持总分（36．9±9．2／40．7±6．4，F：9．922）、客观支持分、主观支持分均低于对照组，情绪稳定性分高于对照组（48．1±10．1／44．5±9．0，F=2．461，P〈0．05）。（3）夫妻独子家庭施暴组精神质分低于受虐组（64．6±10．9／69．5±12．6，F=4．875，P〈0．05）；施暴组的社会支持总分（37．2±9．0／41．4±6．3，F=2．923）、主观支持分均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；夫妻多子家庭的施暴组焦虑（19．6／28．6，Ⅱ=41．00，P〈0．05）、抑郁（20．3／30．3，Ⅱ=35．50，P〈0．05）、躯体化因子分低于受虐组（15．0／26．9，Ⅱ=34．00，P〈0．05）；施暴组抑郁、神经质分高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：夫妻暴力中施暴者具有情绪不稳的个性特征、较少的社会支持及消极的应对方式等，容易促成施暴行为；受虐者具有精神质的个性特征。

英文摘要：

Objective： To investigate the psychosocial characteristics of the perpetrators and the victims of spouse violence （ SV ） . Methods： 80 families with a history of SV were randomly selected from communities, and their psyehosocial characteristics were compared with control group of 96 non - SV families matched for family struc- ture. A self - designed SV questiomlaire, the self - report Symptom Checklist - 90 （ SCL - 90 ） , Eysenck＇s Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）, Trait Coping Style and Questionnaire （TCSQ） were used in this cross - sectional survey. Results： 65 husbands and 15 wives were identified as perpetrators, correspondingly 65 wives and 15 husbands as victims. The total score and factors scores of SCL -90, EPQ - N score, and scores of subjective social support, ob- jective support and total supports were higher in perpetrators than their counterparts in control group. Negative coping style and EPQ - P score were respectively higher and lower in perpetrators than victims of SV （ 29.6 ± 8.3/29. 5 ± 7.4, t = 2. 127, P 〈 0.05 ; 65.9 ± 9. 6/69. 8 ± 12.9, t = 2.185, P 〈 0.05 ） . The hostility and somatization scores of SCL -90 were respectively higher in perpetrators than their counterparts in controls. EPQ - P score were lower in perpetrators than victims of SV in families with one child. Anxiety score of SCL - 90 were lower in perpetrators than victims of SV in families with many children. EPQ - N score were higher in perpetrators than those in controls. Conclusion： Perpetrators are those with neurotic personality, more mental health problems, more negative coping styles. Victims are more anxious and with psychosis personality, which were most highly represented in families with one child.