中文摘要：

随着纳米材料和纳米技术的迅速发展和广泛应用，人们接触不同种类的纳米材料的机会大大增加．纳米材料与人体接触会不会引起不良的后果？纳米材料对环境是否有危害？当纳米材料和纳米技术与人类的关系越来越紧密的时候，其引起的伦理学、社会和法律问题也越来越引起人们的关注．本文就纳米安全性研究以及相关的一系列伦理学问题，结合国内外各研究机构的实验结果和流行病学调查资料，从纳米材料本身的安全性、纳米材料合成及使用过程中涉及的其他物质与纳米材料的共同作用、纳米材料暴露的安全性评价、纳米材料的风险评估以及纳米材料和纳米技术的有力监管5个方面，简要阐述如何正确认识纳米材料和纳米技术的安全性．

英文摘要：

Development of new nanomaterials and nanotechnology and their widespread application have increased the risk of human contact with various nanomaterials. Consequently, ethical, social and legal questions regarding the use of nanomaterials/nanotechnology in society need to be addressed. The potential adverse effects of nanomaterials in the human body and the environment need to be investigated. To understand safety assessment and a series of related ethical problems, we summarize the latest experimental results and epidemiological data in this area. A health and safety evaluation of nanomaterials and nanotechnology can be performed using the following five aspects： the toxicity of the nanomaterials themselves, synergistic safety issues related to other chemical substances involved in the production and use of the nanomaterials, evaluation of exposure and risk assessment of nanomaterials, and the effective regulation of nanomaterials and nanotechnology.