中文摘要：

伴随纳米技术的发展,纳米材料的生物效应研究成为热点,然而这一新兴的研究领域对传统的研究方法提出了挑战,其深入研究有赖于方法学的发展。同步辐射是具有高亮度、高准直、宽频谱等优异性质的光源,在元素分析及物质原子或分子尺度的结构表征方面具有独特的优势。本文介绍了同步辐射及相关核分析技术,主要包括同步辐射X荧光分析、同步辐射X射线吸收光谱（扩展X射线吸收精细结构EXAFS,X射线吸收近边结构XANES）、同步辐射圆二色谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、中子活化分析、同位素示踪技术等在纳米生物效应研究中的应用。结合本实验室以及国内外的研究工作详细阐述了基于同步辐射以及相关核分析方法应用于纳米材料表征及其在生物体内的定量、分布、结构分析等方面的最新进展。

英文摘要：

With the rapid development of nanotechnology,studies on biological effects of nanomaterials have becoming hotspots.However,the fully understanding of fate and toxicological behavior of nanomaterials as a result of interactions with complex biosystem are highly dependent on the reliable analytical techniques.Synchrotron radiation is an advanced light source with notable quality such as high brightness,high level of polarization,high collimation,high brilliance,high intensity and wide tunability in energy/wavelength.It provides particular advantages in elemental mapping and structure characterization of nanomaterials.In this paper,the applications of synchrotron radiation and related nuclear analytical techniques in the studies on the toxicological or biological behaviors of nanomaterials in biological systems are critically reviewed,along with their advantages and limitations.Mentioned techniques include synchrotron radiation X ray fluorescence（SRXRF）,X-ray absorption fine structure（XAFS,XANES and EXAFS）,synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy（SRCD）,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）,neutron activation analysis（NAA）,and isotopic tracing.High throughput quantification of nanomaterials can be achieved by ICP-MS and NAA.The distribution mappings of nanomaterials can be performed by SRXRF and isotopic tracing.Structural characterization can be acquired by XAFS and SRCD.All together,these novel techniques will help to lead a better understanding of the biological effects of nanomaterials.