中文摘要：

本实验利用免疫组织化学方法,以FOS阳性反应作为神经元活动的标志,研究了棕色田鼠在受到同性和异性尿液刺激后主嗅球和副嗅球的神经元活动,表明两大嗅觉系统均有感知社会性化学信号的功能。通过比较棕色田鼠在同性和异性尿液刺激后副嗅球和主嗅球的嗅小球细胞层（GL）、僧帽细胞层（MIT）、颗粒细胞层（GRL）中FOS阳性神经元数量,发现不同性别尿液刺激后棕色田鼠的副嗅球各细胞层FOS阳性神经元数量比对照组明显增加;棕色田鼠受到异性尿液刺激后其副嗅球各细胞层的FOS阳性神经元数量均多于同性尿液刺激组。不同性别尿液刺激后棕色田鼠的主嗅球各细胞层FOS阳性神经元数量相较于对照组有增加或增加显著;异性尿液刺激组主嗅球各细胞层的FOS阳性神经元数量均多于同性尿液刺激组。说明棕色田鼠的副嗅球和主嗅球均参与了通过尿液介导的性别个体的识别。

英文摘要：

In many vertebrates, odor cues from urine and anal and genital sebaceous gland secretions play important roles in heterosexual partner selection, reproductive success, recognition of strain and gender, etc. Detection, transduction, and processing of these odors are accomplished through either the main olfactory system or the accessory olfactory system. Many studies have indicated that pheromones induced the activities of neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb （AOB） , and nonsocial odors activated those of main olfactory bulb （MOB） . In our study, neuronal activation in the MOB and AOB of the mandarin voles （Microtus mandarinus） was investigated using Fos-immunoreactivity （FOS-ir） as an indicator following exposure to the urine of same or opposite sex. Mandarin voles exposed to urine of the same and opposite sex produced significantly more Fos-ir neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb （AOB） compared with voles in the control group; Voles exposed to urine of the opposite sex had more Fos-ir neurons in the AOB than voles exposed to urine from same sex, suggesting that AOB participated in sex discrimination of mandarin voles. Furthermore, mandarin voles exposed to urine of the same and opposite sex produced more or significantly more Fos-ir neurons in the MOB than did control voles. Voles exposed to urine of the opposite sex had more Fos-ir neurons in the MOB than did voles exposed to urine from the same sex, indicating that MOB also participated in sex discrimination of mandarin voles. Our result suggests that both AOB and MOB were involved in sex discrimination by chemosensory signals in urine.