利用新疆北塔山气象站1970—2014年气温、降水、蒸发量气象要素数据,计算了气象要素的平均值,并采用线性趋势法对气温、降水量、蒸发量的年际变化和代际变化进行线性分析和趋势预测,用累计距平突变检验、M-K(曼-肯德尔)突变检验气候诊断法对北塔山地区气温、降水、蒸发量进行突变检验,从而得到近45年来新疆北塔山地区气候变化的基本特征.研究结果表明:1)气温年际变化随时间的推移呈缓慢波动上升趋势,温度每10年增加0.32℃,气温代际变化呈上升趋势;降水量年际变化随时间的变化呈缓慢上升趋势,每10年增加7.84 mm,降水量代际变化不明显;蒸发量随时间的推移呈下降趋势并且下降幅度明显每10年减小213.6 mm,蒸发量代际变化呈下降趋势;2)气温的显著突变年在1990—1994年时段,蒸发量突变点年在2000—2003年时段,降水突变不明显.
In this paper,we use data of temperature,precipitation,evaporation to comptute meteorological average value,use linear trend method to predict inter-generational changes of temperature,precipitation,evaporation,and use anomaly mutation test,MK( Mann- Kendall) mutation diagnostic test to examine mutation of temperature,precipitation,evaporation in Baytik Mountain area. The results show that( 1) annual air temperature change has a slow upward trend,increasing 7.84 mm every 10 a,change of precipitation is not very clear; change of evaporation has a downward trend,decreasing 213.6mm every 10 a,change of evaporation is clear.( 2) the significant mutation years are from 1990 to 1994,the evaporation mutation years are from 2000 to 2003.