中文摘要：

目的观察星形胶质细胞（astrocyte，AST）源性的雌激素对纯培养大脑皮层神经元突触传递的用及可能的机制。方法以新生大鼠皮层神经元纯培养为模型，将实验分成6组：神经元纯培养组（P）；ACM培养组（A）；AST和神经元混合培养组（M）；雌激素培养组（E）；ACM＋Tamoxifen（雌激素受体阻断剂）培养组（A＋T）；Tamoxifen培养组（T），应用膜片钳技术和FM4-64标记的突触囊泡释放试验等方法观测各组突触传递功能和囊泡释放动力学的差别。结果各实验组微小性突触后电流（mPSCs）的平均幅度和频率分别为：（20．5±2）pA，（13±4）min^-1；（29．1±3）pA，（73±16）min^-1；（31．3±3）pA，（78±20）min^-1；（30．2±3）pA，（76±18）min^-1；（24．5±2）pA，（35±10）min^-1；（22．1±2）pA，（37±10）min^-1。显示ACM能增加培养神经元的突触传递功能，外源性雌激素可基本模拟ACM的效应。Tamoxifen能大部阻断ACM促突触传递的效应。FM4-64标记的突触囊泡释放试验表明ACM源性的雌激素促进突触传导的效应，至少可以通过突触前机制-增强囊泡的释放起作用。结论体外培养新生大鼠大脑皮层AST分泌的雌激素可能主要通过雌激素受体介导其调节神经元突触传递的作用。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the effect and the mechanism of astrocytes-derived estrogen on synaptic transmission. Methods Based on the model of pure cultures of neonatal cortical neurons, the experimental groups were designed as follows： pure neuron culture （group P）, ACM culture （group A）, mixed culture of AST and neuron （group M）, E2 culture （group E）, ACM ＋ tamoxifen （estrogen receptor antagonist） culture （ group A ＋ T）, tamoxifen culture （ group T）. The difference among these groups of synaptic transmission was recorded by patch clamp and presynaptic vesicle releasing kinetics was marked by a dye named FM4-64. Resuits The mean amplitude and frequency of miniature postsynaptic currents （mPSCs） of group P, A, M, E, A＋T and Twere： （20.5±2）pA, （13±4） min^-1; （29.1 ±3） pA, （73±16） min^-1; （31.3±3） pA, （78 ±20） min^-1; （30.2 ±3） pA, （76 ±18） min^-1; （24.5 ±2） pA, （35 ±10） min^-1; （22.1 ±2） pA, （37 ± 10） min^-1 respectivily. The treatment of pure neuron culture with ACM increased synaptic transmission of pure cultured cortical neuron. Exogenic estradiol added into pure neurons can stimulate the effect of the ACM. Tamoxifen which was the antagonist of estrogen receptor could decrease most effect of ACM on synaptic transmission. The assaying of vesicle release marked by FM4-64 showed astrocytes-derived estrogenic enhancing synaptic transmission was at least mediated by strengthening presynaptic vesicle releasing. Conclusion The estrogen from astrocytes of neonatal rat cortex may enhance neuronal synaptic transmission mainly through estrogen receptor.