中文摘要：

回顾土壤化学中重要研究领域的研究进展，可为21世纪土壤科学的长远发展提供基础学科分支的理论依据。本文在简短回顾我国土壤化学发展历程的基础上，总结讨论了近年来我国土壤化学的研究特点、现状及部分进展，并据此对该领域的未来研究趋势及重点发展方向作了概括性展望。综合分析认为，对土壤进行宏观调控要以土壤微观性质的认识为前提。新近基于分子尺度微观光谱技术对土壤微观性质的原位观测及认识的飞跃是近年来我国土壤化学研究领域迅速发展的基础；近代土壤学、环境科学、生态学、生物地球化学、化学、生物学以及地质医学等多学科的交叉与渗透又进一步拓展了传统土壤化学研究的领域，促进了土壤化学多个分支学科的形成和发展；立足农业生产，同时着眼于人类生存环境转变，建立具有中国特色的可变电荷土壤化学理论与技术体系，完善现代土壤学理论，是今后中国土壤化学研究的重要发展方向。

英文摘要：

A historical retrospect of major achievements in the research of soil chemistry provides theoretical bases of some basic disciplines for sustainable development of soil science in the 21st century. Based on a brief retrospect of the development of the soil chemistry of China, a summary is presented on characteristics, status quo and advancement of soil the chemistry science in China in the past few decades, and a general prospect of this academic field is put on the table as well. After comprehensive analysis, it is concluded that macroscopic regulation of soil should be based on knowledge of soil microscopic properties. Recent development of the in-site observation of soil microscopic properties based on the tech- nology of microscopic spectrum in molecular level, and the giant step forward in the knowledge are the basis of the rapid development in the field of soil chemistry in China in past few years. Intercrossing and mutual infiltration between disciplines, such as modern pedology, environmental science, ecology, biogeochemistry, chemistry, biology, and geologic medicine has further developed and expanded the academic field of traditional soil chemistry, and stimulated formation and development of new sub-disciplines of soil chemistry. It is the major direction of the soil chemistry of China in future development to establish a China-specific theoretic and practical system of variable charge soil chemistry and consummate modern pedological theory from the angle of agricultural production and changes in human habitat and environment.