方酰胺骨架具有芳香性的四元环状刚性结构,作为双氢键受体和双氢键给体能与许多客体物种结合,是一类重要、理想的氢键给/受体单元,同时该类给/受体的功能化设计为离子识别行为的检测提供了方便。本文综述了近年来方酰胺化合物的结构特性、衍生化方法,及其在超分子中对阴离子、阳离子与两性离子的识别,实现对离子的跨膜传输、分离与萃取、凝胶响应等功能,以及其在有机小分子催化反应中稳定离子型中间体实现对反应底物催化的功能,并展望了方酰胺化合物在离子识别中的发展前景。
The squaramide motif with the rigid four-member ring structure that shows the aromaticity is a kind of important and ideal hydrogen bond donor/receptor unit, which can bond to many guest molecules as a double- hydrogen-bond receptor and donor. The squaramide derivatives are easy to be functionalized, which provides the convenient way for the design of the novel ion receptors. In this review, we summarize the structures of squaramide derivatives, synthetic methods, and their recent research progress in the anion, cation, and zwitterionic guest recognition, as well as in the organocatalysis. Finally, the prospects of squaramide derivatives in the future are described.