中文摘要：

【目的】以高蛋白、高产、高配合力大豆品种冀豆12为遗传基础，创造高蛋白含量新种质，分析蛋白含量相关QTL及其连锁标记，挖掘QTL中包含的优异基因，为高蛋白育种提供新种质、新标记。【方法】以冀豆12为轮回亲本，来自东北地区的红丰11、茶秣食豆、绥农14等蛋白质含量不同的育成品种和地方品种为供体亲本，通过有限回交，创造高蛋白新种质。从3个组合的回交后代品系中，选择农艺性状一致、产量与冀豆12无显著差异的4个高蛋白（50％-53％）品系和3个中低蛋白（38％一41％）品系为试验材料，参照大豆公共遗传连锁图谱，分别在20个连锁群上，均匀选取并筛选在双亲间表现多态性的SSR标记，分析冀豆12及其后代品系的遗传相似性与遗传差异，确定与蛋白质含量相关的QTL及其连锁标记。通过对QTL候选区间内的基因功能注释，挖掘与蛋白质含量相关的优异基因。【结果】创制出一批蛋白质含量超过50％的高蛋白新种质。3个组合中分别筛选到209、201和199个双亲间多态性标记；亲本与后代问遗传相似性分析结果表明，同一组合的后代中高蛋白品系的轮回亲本遗传背景回复率高于低蛋白品系遗传背景回复率。3个组合中4个高蛋白品系与轮回亲本冀豆12之间的相似系数平均值为79．58％，显著高于3个低蛋白品系材料与轮回亲本冀豆12之间的相似系数平均值67．81％；轮回亲本冀豆12传递给高蛋白种质的SSR位点数平均为161个，传递给低蛋白材料的SSR位点平均数为135个，二者相差27％。遗传效应分析结果表明，共发掘出位于14个连锁群上的22个与蛋白质含量相关的QTL及其连锁SSR标记，其中，18个QTL的蛋白质含量增效基因来自轮回亲本冀豆12。进一步分析显示，4个共性高蛋白染色体区段对高蛋白含量形成具有关键作用，分别位于c1连锁群（第4染?

英文摘要：

Abstract： [Objective] The objective of this study is to investigate the QTL and their chromosomal segments that determine the seed protein content of progeny strains of high-protein and low protein content, which derived from the crosses between high combing-ability cultiver Jidou 12 and three other cultrivers. By accomplishment of these analyses, the results will provide a basis for the use of high-protein breeding. [ Method] High protein germplasm materials with protein content more than 50% were created by backcrossing strategy using Jidou 12 as recurrent parent varieties and three different varieties as donor parents. Four high-protein （50%-53%） strains and three low protein （38%-41%） strains were selected from propeny strains of three backcrosses （Hongfeng 11, Chamoshidou and Suinong 14 as the donor parent of three backcrosses）. These strains had the same agronomic traits and had no significant difference with Jidou 12. Differences in QTL loci between progeny strains and Jidoul2 were analyzed by using 209, 201, and 199 polymorphic SSR markers, respectively, in strains from three backcrosses. Degrees in QTL expression and sharing in terms of protein contents among different strains and crosses were investigated. [Result] The high-protein strains had better genetic recovery than that of low protein strains in the same backcross progeny. The similarity coefficient between two high protein strains, Hll6 and Hl17 from Jidoul2 x Chamoshidou, and Jidoul2, were 83.08% and 84.04%, respectively, which was 71.14% higher than that of the low protein strains. The average of similarity coefficient between four high protain strains and Jidoul2 was 79.58%, significantly higher than that of three low protein strains and Jidoul2. Linkage analyses using SSR markers indicated that high-protein lines and low-protein lines had remarkable differences in genetic locations. The major difference was inherited from Jidou 12 , which is 27 % （23 loci） on average. SSR markers were initially linked to 22 genomic regions