中文摘要：

【目的】百粒重是大豆重要的育种目标性状,它不仅是产量构成因子之一,也是重要的品质性状,不同用途对百粒重有着不同要求。通过连锁分析定位大豆百粒重QTL,获得连锁标记,阐明QTL连锁标记在种质资源中的多样性特征,为百粒重定向改良提供依据。【方法】以冀豆12×黑豆（ZDD03651）杂交衍生的188个重组自交系的F6：8和F6：9群体为材料,采用Win QTL Cartographer V.2.5的复合区间作图法（CIM）,经300次Permutation计算,以P=0.05显著性水平确定QTL存在的阈值,定位百粒重QTL。连续3年在石家庄对来自国内外的205份大豆育成和地方品种的百粒重进行表型鉴定,利用定位到的百粒重QTL连锁SSR标记对种质资源材料进行基因型分型,在每个标记处确定发生频率大于5%（对应资源材料个数大于10个）的等位变异为有效等位变异,计算等位基因多样性指数,明确百粒重QTL在种质资源里的多样性特征,通过多重比较确定不同等位变异与百粒重的关系。【结果】在冀豆12×黑豆后代群体中,百粒重呈正态连续分布,遗传力为88.72%。共检测到5个百粒重QTL,分别位于Chr.02（D1b）、Chr.06（C2）、Chr.08（A2）和Chr.17（D2）染色体,遗传贡献率（R^2）7.68%—12.83%,加性效应-0.65—-0.84 g,增效基因均来自冀豆12。年份间稳定的QTL有2个,其中,q SW-6-1位于第6染色体Satt457—Sat062,紧密连锁的标记为Satt281,贡献率最大值为12.02%,加性效应最大值为-0.81g;q SW-17-1位于第17染色体Satt301—Satt310,贡献率最大值为12.83%,加性效应最大值为-0.84g。在205份资源材料中,百粒重遗传力为96.88%。百粒重连锁SSR标记有效等位变异数为2—8个,多样性指数为0.34—0.82。发掘出大粒相关等位变异6个,分别为Satt281-227 bp、Barcsoyssr2304-245 bp、Satt301-199 bp、Sat406-214 bp、Satt119-136 bp和Satt341-218 bp。其中Satt281-227 bp在RIL和资源材料中均为百粒重增效效应,主要

英文摘要：

【Objective】 Seed weight is a major target of breeding as it is not only a component of seed yield but it also affects quality, so, different uses have different requirements for it. This study is to identify QTL associated with 100-seed weight, obtain the linkage markers and explore its diversity. Eventually provide a scientific basis of genetic improvement of seed weight.【Method】F6：8 and F6：9 population of 188 recombinant inbred lines（RIL） derived from a cross of Jidou12×Heidou were used to detect the QTL associated with 100-seed weight, the composite interval mapping（CIM） method in Win QTL Cartographer V. 2.5 software was used for the QTL analysis based on the seed weight observed in two years. A putative QTL was claimed using a genome-wise type I error of P=0.05 determined by 300 permutations. In addition, a total of 205 soybean landraces and improved cultivars were used to identify phenotype through 3 years, and genotyped by SSR marker that linked with seed weight. Allelic frequency variation is more than 5%（corresponding to the number of resource materials is more than 10） as the efficient allelic variation.【Result】In RIL, the distribution frequency of seed weight was basically in normal, and the narrow-sense heritability was 88.72%. Five QTL for 100-seed weight were identified. These QTL scattered on Chr.02（D1b）, Chr.06（C2）, Chr.08（A2） and Chr.17（D2）, respectively and could explain 7.68%-12.83% of the phenotype variation. The additive effect of the QTL varied from-0.65 g to-0.84 g. Two QTL were detected in two years. The q SW-6-1 flanked by SSR markers Satt457 and Sat_062 on Chr.06 explaining 12.02% of the phenotype variation, linked marker was Satt281, and the additive effect was-0.81 g. The q SW-17-1 flanked by SSR markers Satt301 to Satt310 on Chr.17 explaining 12.83% of the variation, and the additive effect was-0.84 g. Based on the germplasm, the narrow-sense heritability of seed weight was 96.88%, the allele number of the eight SSR loci, associated with fiv