中文摘要：

利用开发的11对EST—SSR引物分析了33份猕猴桃种质资源的遗传多样性及其遗传关系。结果表明，11对EST—SSR引物在所有供试材料中均可扩增出清晰条带，其中有8对引物呈现多态性，多态性扩增率为72．7％，对33份种质材料的区分率达100％。8对多态性引物共检测到61个等位基因．每对引物可检测到的等位基因数为2—17，平均为7．6个。利用NTSYS—pc软件，以不加权成对算术平均法（UPGMA）对扩增结果进行聚类，谱系图显示，33份种质材料之间的相似系数在0．60。0．97。表明猕猴桃种质之间遗传关系相对来说不是很远。在相似系数0．73的水平上可将供试猕猴桃材料分为7个类群，其结果与传统的形态分类大体一致。从分子角度揭示了猕猴桃种质资源的遗传多态性及其遗传关系。可为猕猴桃种质改良提供理论依据。EST—SSR是非常有效和可靠的分子标记，可为猕猴桃分子育种及遗传连锁图构建奠定基础。

英文摘要：

Eleven pairs of EST-SSR markers developed and designed by our lab were used to amplify the genomic DNA isolated from 33 kiwifruit genotypes （A ctinidia spp.） in order to analyze their genetic diver- sity and relationship. The results showed that the clear DNA fragments were amplified for all materials tested by using 11 pairs of EST-SSR primers, and 8 of them showed polymorphic, accounting for 72.7%, the identification rates of 33 germplasms were up to 100%. Totally, 61 alleles were detected by 8 polymor- phic pairs of EST-SSR primers, and 2 to 17 （mean 7.6） by each polymorphic primer set. Then Cluster analysis results by NTSYS-pc software based on Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average （UPG- MA） showed that the Dice similarity coefficients of 33 germplasms in kiwifruit ranged from 0.60 to 0.97, which suggested that their genetic relationships were relatively near. Thirty three accessions could be di- vided into seven groups according to the Dice similarity coefficient 0.73, which was consistent with the tra- ditional classification to a certain degree. The research could reflect the kiwifruit genetic variation on molecular level by EST-SSR markers and provide theoretical basis for kiwifruit breeding. It is suggested that EST-SSR markers are very effective to evaluate DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity in kiwifruit germplasms, and will provide theoretical information for molecular breeding and genetic mapping in kiwifruit.