中文摘要：

量子计算与量子信息是21世纪基础和应用科学研究的一大挑战.要实现实用意义上的量子信息和量子计算,必须解决量子比特系统的可拓展性问题.基于现代半导体技术的固态量子系统,其应用和最终产业化的可行性较高.然而,固态量子体系受周边环境的影响比较严重,控制其退相干,维持其量子状态的难度更高.实验固态量子计算的研究是个新的领域,尚无实用的技术和方法.文章介绍了中国科学院物理研究所固态量子信息和计算实验室近几年来新开辟的自旋、冷原子、量子点（包括原子空位）、功能氧化物和关联体系等固态量子信息的新载体和同量子计算与量子信息相关的科学与技术难题的实验研究.

英文摘要：

Quantum information processing and quantum computation pose grand challenges for basic and applied science in this century.Creating scalable quantum systems is essential for the realization of practical quantum computing.Solid state quantum systems that can be produced with micro/nano fabrication technologies should offer better scalability.Strong coupling of the solid state system to the environment,however,makes decoherence of an otherwise pure quantum state a much more serious problem to be overcome.This is a new field that is open for conceptual breakthroughs and technology innovation.This article is a brief account of the recent developments using spin,cold atoms,quantum dots,and other functional materials as new quantum information carriers for quantum manipulation experiments in the Solid State Quantum Information Processing Laboratory in the Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.