中文摘要：

利用目标起始密码子（SCoT）标记对159份1923—2005年育成的中国黄淮海和南方大豆育成品种进行遗传多样性分析。从80条目标起始密码子（SCoT）标记引物中筛选出27条引物，27条引物共扩增出130条DNA条带，其中多态性条带110条，多态性比率为84．62％。Nei’s基因多样性变化范围为0．24～0．49，平均为0．37；平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0．27。黄淮海大豆育成品种的Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数的平均值和变幅范围略高于南方品种，黄淮海大豆育成品种平均值多态信息含量（PIC）也略高于南方品种，但变幅范围略低于南方品种。基于SCoT标记遗传距离的聚类分析表明：I类群中99个主要是黄淮海大豆育成品种，Ⅱ类群中60个主要是南方大豆育成品种。随着时间的推移，大豆育成品种的遗传多样性呈递增趋势，至1971—1990年达到最高并保持不变，表明自70年代以来大豆育成品种遗传基础有所拓宽。结果表明SCoT可用于大豆育成品种遗传多样性研究，为拓宽大豆育成品种遗传基础提供重要参考。

英文摘要：

In this research, SCoT markers were applied to detect the genetic diversity among 159 cultivated soybeans released during 1923 -2005 in China from Huang-Huai-Hai and southern region. Twenty seven primers were selected from 80 SCoT primers, 130 DNA bands were produced by 27 primers including 110 polymorphic bands,with an average of 84. 62%. Nei＇s range of gene diversity ranged from 0. 24 to 0. 49, and the average was 0. 37. The average value of locus polymorphism information contents 0. 27. Dendrograms generated from coefficient of genetic distance between species on the basis of SCoT markers showed that 99 cultivated soybeans were mainly from Huang-Huai-Hai in Cluster I, 60 cultivated soybeans of Group II were mainly from Nanfang. From 1923, the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean accessions is increasing, reached the highest in 1971 - 1990 and unchanged in the next two periods. This showed that the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean increased from 1970s. The results indicated that SCoT markers were feasible and effective to analyze the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean and provided an important reference for broadening the genetic base of soybean cultivars.