中文摘要：

背景：志贺氏菌属是引起细菌性痢疾的主要致病菌,细菌性痢疾是夏秋季节最常见的肠道传染病之一。目的：分析福氏志贺菌感染大鼠回肠组织的病理学特征。方法：同窝别清洁级SD雄性大鼠30只。随机分为非链霉素处理组、链霉素处理组、对照组,每组各10只。链霉素处理组50 g/L硫酸链霉素灌胃;非链霉素处理组用生理盐水灌胃;对照组不做任何处理。建立大鼠菌群紊乱模型后,非链霉素处理组、链霉素处理组用福氏志贺菌（9×10^8）CFU/m L灌胃建立大鼠痢疾模型,14 d后采用苏木精-伊红染色观察福氏志贺菌感染大鼠回肠组织的病理学特征。结果与结论：（1）福氏志贺菌感染大鼠远端回肠和直肠出现典型的菌痢病变,表现为黏膜出血、水肿,中性粒细胞浸润,杯状细胞破坏、出血,并出现疾病特征性的假膜性炎：黏膜表层坏死,有大量纤维素渗出,后者与坏死组织、红细胞、白细胞等一起构成假膜;脱落后的肠黏膜,形成形状不一的溃疡,溃疡浅表,很少超过黏膜下层;（2）各组大鼠出现症状时间、福氏志贺菌攻击前后大鼠体温值及体质量差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）;（3）结果说明,福氏志贺菌感染大鼠远端回肠和直肠租住出现菌痢典型的组织病理表现,可成功作为动物模型进行病因、发病机制和治疗等深入科研研究。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： Bacillary dysentery is one of the most common enteric infectious diseases in summer and autumn that is mainly caused by Shigella. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the pathological features of the rat ileum after Shigella flexneri infection. METHODS： Totally 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled and equally randomized into three groups. Rats in non-streptomycin and streptomycin groups were firstly treated with normal saline and 50 g/L streptomycin sulphate via gastric lavage, and then given gastric lavage of 9×10^8 CFU/mL Shigella flexneri. Rats were given no any treatment as control group. 14 days later, morphological changes of the rat ileum were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：（1） After Shigella flexneri infection, the rat distal ileum and rectum were characterized by mucosal edema and hemorrhage, neutrophilic granulocyte exudation, pseudomembrane formation and destruction of goblet cells with hemorrhage. There were obvious fibrin exudation on the necrotic mucosal surface that constituted the pseudomembrane with necrotic debris, leukocytes and erythrocytes. After mucosa defulvium, non-uniform and superficial ulcers were mainly visible at the mucosa.（2） The occurrence time of positive systems, temperature and body mass before and after Shigella flexneri infection showed no significant differences among rats（P 〉0.05）.（3） These results suggest that the rat distal ileum and rectum after Shigella flexneri infection present the characteristic morphological futures of bacillary dysentery; therefore, it can be used as the animal model to undergo in-depth research about the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of bacillary dysentery.