中文摘要：

随着抗生素及其抗菌产品的广泛应用,自然和人工环境中的抗生素残留带来的危害引起人们关注.本文基于最新文献,综述了国内外抗生素及其抗性基因的污染水平和来源、它们之间的关系和传播机理以及这类污染物的降解和去除技术.现有研究表明,抗生素及其抗性基因的污染已遍布水、土壤、大气等介质,而在以污水处理厂和固废填埋场为代表的人工环境中,其污染水平更高.抗生素残留诱导产生抗性基因,其在环境中传播扩散与水平基因转移（Horizontal Gene Transfer,HGT）和微生物群落结构组成有关.抗生素和抗性基因在环境中自然降解过程受基质类型、光照、温度和微生物种群等因素的影响,其中光照是影响其降解的重要因子;而在人工处理系统中,紫外消毒和生化降解对抗生素及其抗性基因有较好的去除效果,但并非全部有效.建议今后加强对特定环境中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的扩散规律和高效降解去除等方面的机理和工艺研究,进而有效控制其环境含量,降低其污染水平.图1表3参60

英文摘要：

With the widespread application of antibiotics and other antimicrobic agents, the residuals and potential hazards inboth natural and human environment have raised public concerns. Based on current research, our review documents the sources of antibiotic and antibiotic resistant genes （ARGs） and the contamination status, analyzes their relationships and propagation mechanisms, and summarizes treatment technologies. Antibiotics and ARGs are commonly detected in water, soil and air, with comparatively higher levels in human environment, including wastewater treatment plant and solid waste processing chains. ARGs are induced by antibiotic residuals accumulated in the environment, but ARGs propagation is dominated by horizontal gene transfer （HGT） and the composition of microbial communities. In addition, other factors including temperature, light, and microbial communities all could impose effects on the degradation of ARGs and antibiotics, among which light is the most crucial factor in natural environment. In the engineered treatment systems, UV disinfection and biochemical degradation function well in ARGs and antibiotic removal, though not always so. Given these results, the review suggests that future study should focus on the mechanisms of antibiotics and ARGs propagation as well as specific treatment technologies.