中文摘要：

阿尔兹海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）是一类复杂的神经退行性疾病，也是一类最常见的老年期痴呆。越来越多的研究表明，小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）在AD的发生、发展中起着重要的作用。MiRNA是一类单链、长度约22nt的非编码小分子，通过靶向mRNA的非翻译区（untranslated regions，UTR）来降解mRNA或抑制其翻译，在神经系统的生长发育、分化及功能执行中扮演着重要角色。现对miRNA在阿尔兹海默病发病机制中的作用予以综述，重点介绍miRNA与APP、BACE1、tau、炎症以及神经元凋亡之间的联系。

英文摘要：

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a complex neurodegenerative disorder and also the most common dementia among the elderly. Accumulating data indicate that microRNAs （miRNAs） are involved in the development of AD. MiRNAs （-22 nt） are non-coding single strand RNA molecules and interact with complementary mRNA sequences in the UTR of genes to result in either translational repression or degradation of the targets. MiRNAs are important in neural development and function. Here, we review current findings regarding the potential contribution of miRNA in the pathogenesis of AD. The relationship between miRNA and APP, BACE1, tan, inflammation and neruo apoptosis are focused on.