中文摘要：

回顾了国际气象卫星和中国风云气象卫星的发展,综述了气象卫星在图像解译、定量产品应用和数据同化方面的成就以及辐射校正技术的进步。围绕大气科学,特别是数值天气预报对天基观测的需求,展望了未来气象卫星的技术发展方向。

英文摘要：

In 1960, the first meteorological satellite was launched into space, demonstrating the feasibility of observing global weather sys- tems with space technology. Today, the capabilities of meteorological satellites and remote sensing instruments have developed enormously, to the point where geostationary meteorological satellites can complete local observations every minute and polar orbiting meteorological satellites can observe the Earth＇s atmosphere not only in the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, but also in microwave spectra. With the develop- ment of space technology in the past half century, meteorologists have experienced the increasing demands for the sophisticated use of met- eorological satellite data. With the framework of World Meteorological Organization, the meteorological satellite constellation operated by many countries and government agencies plays an essential role in weather forecast, climate analysis, environment and disaster monitoring, etc. This paper first provides an overview of the history of meteorological satellites, with a focus on American, European, and Chinese polar- orbiting and geostationary meteorological satellites, including the NOAA, GOSE, METOP, Meteosat, Fengyun, etc. This overview illustrate show meteorological satellite observation has developed from photographic to digital, from optical to microwave, and from imaging to sounding. The second part of this paper reviews the progress of satellite data applications by introducing image interpretation, quantitative data analysis, and data assimilation, as well as the scientists who made significant contributions to the methodology of data application, in- cluding Roger B. Weldon, Vernon F. Dvorak, and James Purdom. It explain show the application of satellite data has reached its maturity along with the development of space technology and how it has been integrated fully into many areas of atmospheric sciences, especially in weather forecasting. With regard to the importance of calibration for the usefulness of satellite data,