中文摘要：

简述了近年来国内外超级电容器各种电解质,包括水系、有机体系、离子液体、固态、氧化还原等电解质的最新研究进展以及重要的理论和技术突破,着重对离子液体、水溶液及有机电解质作为超级电容器电解质的性能进行了比较,并对杂质离子的穿梭效应引起的自放电进行了讨论。最后总结指出开发具有低黏度、高电导率和高电化学稳定性的离子液体电解质是将来超级电容器在基础领域中研究的重点,并有望成为有机电解液的替代者。此外离子液体与混合有机溶剂多种成分的优化组合也是电解质的发展趋势。

英文摘要：

This review provides a brief summary of recent research progress in currently available electrolytes,including aqueous electrolytes,organic electrolytes,ionic liquids,solid electrolytes and redox electrolytes for supercapacitor,as well as corresponding important theories and technologies.The performance comparison among aqueous electrolytes,organic electrolytes and ionic liquids as supercapacitor electrolyte was conducted,and the capacitor self-discharge caused by shuttle effect of impure ion was also discussed.It indicates that the investigation on low-viscosity,high-conductivity and high electrochemical stability ionic liquid electrolyte is very important fundamental research and such electrolyte is expected to be the substitute for organic electrolytes.Additionally,the combination and optimization of ionic liquid and organic solvents mixture for supercapacitor electrolyte also represent an application trend in the future.