中文摘要：

利用2002年-2009年省级面板数据,综合考虑节约资源和环境污染,采用稳健广义最小二乘法对城市化和自然资源利用效率的关系进行实证分析。发现城市化对自然资源利用效率影响不显著,这归因于城市化正负两方面的作用。对城市化传导路径的分析表明：城市化提高了劳动生产率、促进了产业结构调整和对外开放,但同时影响了政府行为和物质资本投入,继而产生不利因素。进一步分区域讨论,发现政府行为是城市化进程中最主要的不利因素,且中、西部政府行为的负面影响明显大于东部;中、西部产业结构调整的间接贡献率小于技术进步,东部则相反;物质资本投入对中、东部产生较大的的负面影响,而提高对外开放水平可改善西部地区的自然资源利用效率。根据所得结论,文章最后给出了相关建议。

英文摘要：

The construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is crucial to the sustainable development of China. However, with accelerated urbanization, construction, pollution and environmental deterioration, biodiversity decreases and this influences the stability and coordinated development of the city eco-environment. Here, we analyze the effect of urbanization on inter-provincial natural resource utilization using data from 2002 to 2009. Our modeling shows that urbanization does not have a significant influence on natural resource utilization efficiency and that urbanization has both positive and negative effects. Urbanization not only improved labor productivity but also promoted the readjustment of industrial structure. By dividing China into East, Middle and West zones, we found that government behavior is the uppermost unfavorable factor, the effects of which are higher than in the eastern region. Material capital investment negatively influences the east and central regions while opening up promotes natural resource utilization efficiency in western China. China requires to further improve human capital investment. For western China, it is very important to strengthen foreign trade and investment. China must improve labor productivity with technological innovation leading to benign development that saves resources and protects the environment. Central and western China should improve industrial restructuring to buck the trend towards heavy industry. The Chinese government must redefine its role in the urban development process, and present clear property rights and price forming mechanisms, strengthen budget constraints and resource equilibrium allocation, and establish a scientific decision-making mechanism to improve natural resource utilization efficiency.