中文摘要：

背景小脑血管的损害是在服的淀粉的 angiopathy (厘米) 和脉管的痴呆(VaD ) 的最重要的因素之一。没有 CAA (VaDs ).Methods，我们分析了在厘米病人(厘米) 和脉管的痴呆病人之间的小动脉的病理的差别十死亡了厘米并且 12 死亡了 VaDs 为这研究是可得到的。五死亡了没有已知的脑血管的疾病的病人用作控制。这些病人都是尸体盒子。所有横着与等于或比 30 m 大的一条外部直径把小动脉切了成灰色的事和白物质，与 300 的最大值， m 被检验。小动脉的内部、外部的直径被测量。结果在 CAA 的灰色的事小动脉的外部直径比在控制显著地大。穿灰色衣服有关系小动脉，在 VaDs 的腔的直径比在 CAA 显著地小，而 CAA 和控制之间没有重要差别。厘米和 VaDs 可以引起在白物质或灰色的物质的小动脉的墙的显著变厚。在 VaDs 的小动脉的巩膜索引比在 CAA 和控制显著地大。小动脉的结论狭窄在厘米和 VaD 发生了，但是趋势在 VaD 是更大的。厘米的小动脉也穿灰色衣服被扩展有关系，它可能与耳朵的出血有关。脉管的光滑的肌肉房间的损失或退化在厘米是占优势的，当脉管的光滑的肌肉房间的在增长上在 VaD 是更大的时。

英文摘要：

Background Small cerebrovascular lesions are one of the most important factors in cerebral amyloid angiopathy （CAA） and vascular dementia （VaD）. We analyzed the difference of arteriolar pathology between CAA patients （CAAs） and vascular dementia patients without CAA （VaDs）. Methods Ten deceased CAAs and twelve deceased VaDs were available for this study. Five deceased patients without known cerebrovascular diseases served as controls. These patients were all autopsy cases. All transversely cut arterioles in the gray matter and white matter with an external diameter equal to or larger than 30 um and with a maximum of 300 um were examined. The internal and external diameters of arterioles were measured. Results The external diameter of gray matter arterioles in the CAAs was significantly greater than in controls. In gray matter arterioles, the diameter of the lumen in VaDs was markedly smaller than in the CAAs, whereas there was no significant difference between CAAs and controls. CAAs and VaDs may cause remarkable thickening of the arteriolar walls in either white matter or gray matter. The sclerotic index of arterioles in VaDs was significantly greater than in CAAs and controls. Conclusions Stenosis of arterioles occurred in both CAA and VaD, but the tendency was greater in VaD. Arterioles of CAA were also expanded in gray matter, which may be related to lobar hemorrhage. The loss and/or degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells was predominant in CAA, while the over-proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells was areater in VaD.