中文摘要：

背景：阅读障碍是学习困难研究中最为常见的，可影响儿童的行为、认知、情感、社会适应等方面，严重阻碍儿童知识的获得和能力的提高。 目的：研究汉语阅读障碍儿童汉字认知过程左前额叶皮层血氧变化规律，探讨儿童阅读障碍的神经生理基础。 设计：病例对照实验。 单位：华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系。 对象：实验于2003-06／09在华中科技大学完成。选择45名武汉市3～5年级小学生为研究对象，年龄在8～12岁，均为右利手。其中汉语阅读障碍儿童26名（阅读障碍组），符合ICD-10定义的标准；非阅读障碍儿童19名（对照组）。所有对象均取得本人及父母（监护人）的知情同意。 方法：应用功能性近红外光学成像技术，检测汉语阅读障碍和非阅读障碍儿童汉字初级加工（包括被动视觉呈现汉字，汉字朗读，动词联想）及再加工（包括词语输出和语义联想）过程左前额叶脑血氧含量的变化。 主要观察指标：两组汉字初级加工及再加工过程中脑血氧含量的变化。 结果：纳入阅读障碍儿童26名，非阅读障碍儿童19名，均进人结果分析。①汉字初级加工时血氧含量的变化：被动视觉呈现汉字：A，B，C通道上，阅读障碍组血氧含量均高于对照组（0．3780，0．1346；0．0858，0．0519；0．1093，0．0692，P〈0．05），D通道上，阅读障碍组和对照组血氧含量差异不明显（P〉0．05）；汉字朗读：A、B、C、D通道上，阅读障碍组血氧含量高于对照组，但差异不明显（P〉0．05）；动词联想：在A、C通道上，阅读障碍组血氧含量高于对照组（0．4112，0．1397；0．1413，0．0784，P〈0．05），在B、D通道上，阅读障碍组与对照组血氧含量差异不明显（P〉0．05）。②汉字再加工过程血氧含量的变化：词语输出过程中，阅读障?

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： Dyslexia is the most common in the study of learning disabilities, it can affect various aspects of children, including behaviors, cognition, emotion, social adaptation, etc., and seriously block their obtaining of knowledge and improvement of ability in children. OBJECTIVE： To study the changing law of regional cerebral blood oxygenation in children with Chinese dyslexia in the process of recognizing Chinese characters, and investigate the neurophysiological basis of dyslexia in children. DESIGN： A case-control study. SETTING： Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazbong University of Science and Technology. PARTICIPANTS： The study was carried out in Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June to September in 2003. Forty-five primary students of 8 to 12 years old, who were grade 3 to 5 in Wuhan city, were enrolled in this study, including 26 dyslexic children （dyslexia group） and 1-9 normal readers （control group）. All the enrolled children were right-handed. Informed consents were obtained from all the participants and their parents （guardians） after explanation of aims and steps of this study. METHODS： The functional near-infrared imager （fNIRI） was applied to detect the changes of cerebral blood oxygenation in left prefrontal lobe of dyslexic children and normal children in the primary processing （viewing passively, reading aloud, producing an action word） and secondary processing of Chinese characters （outputting task, action words association） of Chinese characters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The changes of cerebral blood oxygenation in the primary processing and secondary processing of Chinese characters were observed in both groups. RESULTS： All the 26 children with Chinese dyslexia and 19 normal children were involved in the analysis of results. ① Changes of the contents of blood oxygenation in the primary processing of Chinese characters： When viewing th