中文摘要：

蛋白质是一类重要的生物大分子。在蛋白质转运系统中,很多蛋白质在核糖体中合成,然后通过内质网或质膜的转运到达相应的细胞器发挥生物学功能。蛋白质的分泌表达途径总共分为三类,分别为Sec分泌途径、双精氨酸途径和信号识别颗粒转运系统。本文简要介绍蛋白质的基本转运途径,主要介绍由信号识别颗粒所介导的蛋白质转运。分别概述信号识别颗粒及其受体的组成与功能,并对其调控途径做简要的介绍;同时也简单介绍与其相关的Yid C膜蛋白家族;对信号识别颗粒蛋白调控系统存在的必需性提出新的见解。

英文摘要：

Protein is one of the most important biological macromolecules. In the protein translocation system, many proteins, after being synthesized in the ribosome, will enter their corresponding subcellular organelles through the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane to play a important role in biological functions. There are three pathways for protein secretion, which are Sec pathway, Tat pathway and SRP pathway. In this paper, we present a basic transport pathway of protein, and mainly introduce the translocation mediated by the signal recognition particle. We summarize the composition and function of the signal recognition particle and its receptor respectively, and also make a brief explanation about the regulation pathway. What＇s more, we introduce the relevant Yid C membrane protein family, and we also have a new insight into the existent of the signal recognition particle regulatory system.