中文摘要：

核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因的转录直接决定着细胞核糖体的生物发生,而后者与细胞的生长、增殖等行为相适应.研究发现,rRNA基因转录以RNA聚合酶Ⅰ（Pol Ⅰ）为核心,有多种因子参与,并受到多种调控因子的严密调节控制;各调控因子不仅均有自己特异的作用位点,而且又彼此关联、相辅相成.本文在简要介绍真核生物rRNA基因转录基本过程与涉及的主要因子的基础上,重点阐述了rRNA基因转录的主要调节方式,包括ERK、mTOR和JNK等信号转导通路对转录因子磷酸化的影响;转录因子的乙酰化;细胞周期相关因子和其它因子的多种作用方式等.概括起来看,真核生物rRNA基因转录调节的核心机制是调节转录因子间及转录因子与DNA间的相互作用或影响染色质结构,从而实现对rRNA基因转录的调控,以满足特定生理/病理状况下细胞对rRNA量的要求.

英文摘要：

The level of rRNA gene transcription determines the rate of ribosome biogenesis in coordination with cell growth and proliferation. The key player in rRNA gene transcription is the RNA polymeraseⅠ （PolⅠ ） which is assisted by various factors. Transcription of rRNA gene is controlled by many regulatory factors. These regulatory factors not only have their own targets, but also work together to build an extensive network and function harmoniously. This review introdues some basic components of rRNA transcription machinery and the process of producing pre-rRNA, with the major focus on the mechanism of rRNA gene transcription regulation, including phosphorylation of transcription factors by signal transduction pathways such as ERK, roTOR and JNK, acetylation of transcription factors, and regulati regulation approaches induce changes of interactions ons conducted by various cell cycle-related factors. These regulation approaches induce changes of interactions between various transcription factors and DNA, and alter the structure of chromatin, resulting in coordinate regulation of rRNA transcription under different physiological or pathological conditions.