中文摘要：

蔗糖代谢为水稻胚乳发育提供物质和能量。为明确二者的量化关系,本研究通过调节源库关系获得不同源供应水平下的代表性粒位籽粒,进而分析了蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖及可溶性总糖的含量与胚乳细胞增殖的关系。结果表明,改变品种的源库比例（源大库小）,下部粒位籽粒胚乳细胞数目明显增加,总体上,可溶性总糖含量与细胞数目呈极显著负相关,与细胞增殖速率呈极显著正相关,高的蔗糖/葡萄糖、蔗糖/果糖有利于胚乳细胞数目增多。在细胞增殖前期（花后5d）,高葡萄糖、己糖含量有利于提高胚乳细胞数目,高葡萄糖含量还可提高细胞增殖速率。细胞增殖中后期（花后7d）,蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量与胚乳细胞数目、增殖速率呈显著负相关。

英文摘要：

The sucrose metabolism provides materials and energy for endosperm development of rice.To quantify the relationship between sucrose metabolism and endosperm development,the representative kernels at different parts of spikes with different source supply levels were obtained by regulating the source/sink ratio,and the relationships of endosperm cell proliferation and the contents of sucrose,fructose,glucose and total soluble sugar were analyzed respectively.The results showed that,increasing the source/sink ratio（small reservoir and large source） significantly increased the number of endosperm cells of the kernels at lower part of spikes.Overall,total soluble sugar contents were negatively related to the number of cells significantly but were positively related to cell proliferation rate significantly.High sucrose/glucose or sucrose/fructose ratio was helpful to an increase of the of endosperm cell number.At the early stage of cell proliferation（5 days after flowering）,high glucose and hexose levels could improve the cell number,and high glucose could improve cell proliferation rate.At middle and late stages of cell proliferation（7 days after flowering）,the contents of sucrose,fructose and glucose were negatively related to the number and proliferation rate of endosperm cells significantly.