中文摘要：

疯草是指含苦马豆素的豆科黄芪属和棘豆属有毒植物,能引发家畜疯草病。疯草的分布比较广泛,属于世界性有毒植物,近年来疯草蔓延迅速,在一些地区已经造成草地毒草化,频繁出现放牧家畜中毒死亡现象,严重威胁草地畜牧业发展。研究表明,疯草的毒性与其含有的苦马豆素有关,但苦马豆素却不是疯草自身代谢产物,而是疯草携带内生真菌的代谢产物,此外苦马豆素还是一种良好抗肿瘤药物。笔者结合国内外相关研究对疯草的分布、危害、防治及毒性成分研究进展进行综述,并对疯草分类、研究地域及利用前景进行了讨论。

英文摘要：

Locoweeds are poisonous plants of Astragalus spp.and Oxytropis spp.in the family Leguminosae.They contain the toxic indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine,which causes livestock poisoning known as ＇locoism＇.Locoweeds are widely distributed in the world and cause a retrogressive succession,grazer poisoning,and death in the rangelands of some areas,thus seriously threatening grassland agriculture.The toxicity of locoweed was attributed to swainsonine a metabolite of fungal endophytes in locoweed,and in medicine as antineoplastic agents.The distribution,harmfulness,prevention,toxic components and advances in research on locoweeds are reviewed,and studies on taxonomy and the prospect of using locoweeds are discussed.