中文摘要：

基于全速度差（full velocity difference,FVD）模型,通过考虑期望间距,提出了一种推广的车辆跟驰模型,即扩展的全速度差（extended FVD,EFVD）模型;并给出能量耗散的计算公式,对EFVD模型的能耗进行了研究。信号灯车队启动问题的模拟结果表明EFVD模型的启动延时时间和启动波速均在允许的范围内,加速度较优化速度（optimal velocity,OV）模型和FVD模型略小,且加速过程更贴近现实情况。车队刹车问题的仿真结果表明EFVD模型不会产生不切实际的减速度问题。通过车队碰撞问题的模拟,可知EFVD模型模拟的车头距大于车辆长度,避免了车辆的碰撞。车流扰动问题的数值模拟结果表明考虑期望间距的影响可以增强交通流的稳定性,在一定程度上抑制交通阻塞。能耗仿真结果表明,EFVD模型的能耗比FVD模型的能耗小。

英文摘要：

Based on the full velocity difference（ FVD） model,a new car-following model,named as extended FVD（ EFVD） model,is developed by considering the desired distance. The energy dissipation formula is presented. The energy dissipation of EFVD model is investigated. The result of simulating the motions of vehicles starting from a traffic signal indicates that the delay time and kinematic wave velocity of EFVD model remain within the permitted range. Moreover,the acceleration of EFVD model is slightly smaller than the optimal velocity（ OV） model and FVD model and the progress of acceleration is more realistic. The result of the starting wave speed test shows that the unrealistic deceleration does not occur in the EFVD model. The result of the collision test demonstrates that the headway simulated by the EFVD model is larger than the length of the vehicle and the vehicles avoid collision.The result of traffic perturbation simulation shows that the consideration of desired distance can improve the stability of traffic flow and relieves traffic jams to some extent. Meanwhile,the energy dissipation of EFVD model is less than that of FVD model.