中文摘要：

目的阐明家养驯化产生的食性差异所引起的狼（Canislupus）和家犬（Canisfamiliaris）消化道形态学和消化道内分泌细胞数量和分布的异同。方法健康成年狼和家犬各6只，应用形态观察和石蜡切片法进行消化道解剖学和组织学比较；应用免疫组织化学染色法进行消化道内分泌细胞的分布和数量的比较。结果形态学比较发现，狼的消化道总长度和总重量，尤其是结肠的长度和重量均小于家犬；胃贲门腺区管壁较家犬偏薄，胃底腺区、空肠和结肠管壁偏厚；食管和贲门腺区的黏膜较家犬显著偏薄，大肠各部位黏膜显著偏厚。免疫组织化学染色发现，除胰多肽阳性细胞和P物质阳性细胞的分布位置和某些内分泌细胞的分布密度间存在较大差别外，狼和家犬大多数消化道内分泌细胞具有相同的分布特征。结论食性不同主要引起了狼和家犬的胃、盲肠和结肠解剖学和组织学的差异，小肠的差异相对不明显。两者消化道内分泌细胞分布和数量的一致性，说明家养驯化和食性差异尚未引起消化道细胞水平的适应性改变。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the anatomic and histologic characteristics of the digestive tract of Canis lupus and Canisfamiliaris and types, regional distributions and cell densities of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in various parts of their digestive tract, in order to clarify morphology and cytohistology mechanism of their different feeding habits. Methods Six wolves and six domestic dogs have been tested, using morphological observation and paraffin sectioning to compare the anatomic and histologic characteristics of the digestive tract ; using immunohistochemical techniques to compare the types, regional distributions and cell densities of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in various parts of their digestive tract. Results From the comparison of the anatomic and histologic characteristics of the digestive tract between Canis lupus and Canis familiaris we found that wolves have shorter in total length and lighter in total weight than that of domestic dogs, especially colon. They also possessed much thinner in cardiac glandular region and oesophagus and cardiac mucosa but thicker in fundus gland region, jejunum and colon canal wall and large intestine mucosa. From the comparison of the characters of endocrine cells we could find that, most of their endocrine cells have the similar regional distributions except pancreatic polypeptide （PP） positive cells and substance P （SP） positive cells. Conclusion The comparison between Canis lupus and Canis familiaris indicate that different feeding habits have caused several anatomical and histometical changes of their digestive tract, but the cytohistological characteristics of the digestive tract have not been changed.