中文摘要：

背景：生物套管小间隙桥接修复周围神经损伤的效果好于断端相对旋转的传统神经外膜缝合，但套管内添加促进神经再生的因素是否可以更加有效的促进神经再生还不清楚。 目的：观察剪碎的神经片断和神经生长因子在生物套管小间隙桥接修复周围神经损伤中的作用。 设计、时间及地点：随机对照动物实验，在体神经电生理学及组织学观察，于2006-08/2007-11在北京大学人民医院完成。 材料：健康成年雄性SD大鼠20只，体质量250～300g，在坐骨神经盆腔出口与胫腓神经分叉之间坐骨神经的中点处切断坐骨神经造成神经损伤。中空圆柱形套管为北京大学人民医院与中国纺织科学院共同发明的一种部分脱乙酰甲壳质生物套管。注射用神经生长因子由军事医学科学院基础医学研究所提供。 方法：SD大鼠20只双腿40根坐骨神经随机分为4组，每组10根。正常对照组：未做处理；单纯套管组：切断坐骨神经，作单纯海洋生物套管小间隙桥接缝合；神经生长因子组：桥接后在管腔内注射神经生长因子：神经碎片组：套管中加入切碎的自体神经片断。 主要观察指标：术后6周计数单位视野有髓神经纤维，进行神经电生理检查，测量各组运动神经传导速度、感觉神经传导速度。以苏木精-伊红染色和免疫组织化学染色观察单纯套管组再生神经纤维的形态变化。 结果：与正常对照组相比，其他3组单位视野有髓神经纤维数增多（P〈0．01），运动神经传导速度和感觉神经传导速度均降低（P〈0．01）。苏木精-伊红染色可见单纯套管组套管轮廓仍然存在：套管内可见大量连续的组织通过。免疫组织化学染色显示再生神经纤维和髓鞘连续平直地通过管腔，远近端之间在纤维数量差别不大；神经组织之间以及与管壁之间出现大量血管组织。 结论：剪碎的神经?

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： The effect of biological conduit small gap bridging peripheral nerve injury is better than that of nerve stumps relatively rotated traditional epineurial neurorrhaphy. But whether adding some factors into conduit can improve the nerve regeneration effect remains valuable to be explored. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of the comminuted nerve fragments and nerve growth factor in biological conduit small gap bridging peripheral nerve injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized control animal experiments were carried out in Peking University People＇s Hospital from August 2006 to November 2007 by nerve electrophysiological and histological assessments. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy male adult SD rats, weighting 250-300 g, were adopted to induce sciatic nerve injury at the midpoint between sciatic nerve pelvic cavity outlet and the site tibia nerve and fibula nerve bifurcated. Hollow cylindrical conduit was invented by Peking University People＇s Hospital and Chinese Spinning and Weaving Institute, a kind of de-acetyl chitin biological conduit. Injectable nerve growth factor was provided by Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, the Academy of Military Medical Sciences. METHODS： All the 20 SD rats involving 40 sciatic nerves were divided into 4 groups randomly, every group containing 10 nerves. Normal control group received no treatment; Pure conduit group was subjected to cutting sciatic nerve and performing biological conduit small gap bridging suture; Nerve growth factor group was added with after conduit small gap bridging; Comminuted nerve fragment group was added with autologous smashed nerve fragments after small gap bridging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Re-myelinated fibers were counted per view unit. Electrophysiological examination including sense and motor nerve conduction velocity were performed at 6 weeks after operation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the morphologic changes of regenerated nerve fibers in pure conduits