中文摘要：

干旱区湖泊的演变深受气候因素的影响。博斯腾湖是典型的干旱区湖泊,是新疆地区重要的地表淡水来源,是当地区域社会经济发展重要的环境基础。由于博斯腾湖水体体积与其矿化程度息息相关,因此,本文利用大比例尺的民国地形图资料,通过ArcGIS中的三维建模功能,重建了博斯腾湖两个时间断面的三维模型,并进行了湖泊面积、容积的估算,发现20世纪30年代的博斯腾湖水量确实处于一个较低的水平,1935年博斯腾湖面积大约620 km~2,水体容积为4.8×109 m3。到了2000年,博斯腾湖的面积达到了1185 km~2,容积达到8.5×109 m~3。从本文研究结果来看,博斯腾湖水量和面积自20世纪30年代开始总体上呈现面积扩大,水量上升的趋势,这与新疆当地的树轮古气候重建结果具有很高的一致性。研究区的气候可能在20世纪初期“大湖期”结束时经历了一个相对干旱的过程,受此影响博斯腾湖水量减小,而20世纪30年代的历史文献中也有干旱事件的记录,那一时期,博斯腾湖平均矿化度在0.9 g.L~（-1）到1.2 g.~（-1）,这一数值范围已经超过了现代观测数据所得到的矿化度数值。在20世纪早期,博斯腾湖很可能出现过一个短暂的咸水化阶段。20世纪30年代后,博斯腾湖流域出现了相对暖湿化的气候变化方向,湖面重新扩大。在一定的区域内,如果处于气候系统中的湖泊发生变化,尤其是对地处干旱区的广大内陆湖泊来说,一旦气候发生变化,湖区或萎缩或扩大之后,对整个区域的生态系统的影响都是巨大的。

英文摘要：

Background, aim, and scope The evolution of the lakes which in arid areas is under the influence of climate factors. Bosten Lake is a typical lake in arid areas, it is an important source of surface water in Xinjiang. And it is an important environment foundation in the local social economy development in Xinjiang. This article purpose through rebuilding the process of the increase of decrease of the Bosten Lake area, reviewing the change of Bosten Lake in the history can help us to better understaand the changes that have taken place in recent 10 years, in order to provide reference for the future of Bosten Lake or other lakes in Xinjiang. Materials and methods This article data source mainly include a set of one over three hundred thousand topographic maps of Xinjiang which compilated in october 1935, a series of large scale topographic map which compilated since the foundation of the country, bathymetric data of Bosten Lake in 2008, and nearly a decade of landsat data in Xinjiang. This one over three hundred thousand topographic maps of Xinjiang can clearly reflect the form of Bosten Lake. First of all we conduct vector data of Bosten Lake in Arcgis 10.2 system, then we overlay the bathymetric data and graphic data of Bosten Lake, at last we build the 3D model of the lake in 1935 and 2000, at the same time we estimate the area and the vloume of Bosten Lake. Results Through the study we found that the agency of water of Bosten Lake was at a low level in the 1930s. The area of Bosten Lake is about 620 km2, and the volume of Bosten Lake is about 4.8 × 10^9 m3. In the year of 2000, The area of Bosten Lake achieve the 1185 km2, and the volume of Bosten Lake about achieve the 8.5× 10^9 km3. From the research results in this paper, the area an volume of Bosten Lake begin to appera the trend of expanding of area and the rising of amount water on the whole from the 1930s. During this period, the average salinity of Bosten Lake was between 0.9 g. L^-1 and 1.2 g. L ^-1. This numerical was more than the average salinity