中文摘要：

多雄交配是水生动物界普遍存在的一种繁殖行为。本文阐述了多重父权和精子竞争的概念,综述了近年来有关水生动物雌性多次交配繁殖策略和多重父权研究概况。重点介绍了部分水生动物的性选择特征,分析了雌性多次交配的进化机制及其利弊;探讨了精子取代、＂隐秘的雌性选择＂、精子竞争模型和交配护卫行为等精子竞争机制;比较分析了包括鱼类、腹足类、头足类、甲壳类等物种的多雄交配比例和子代多重父权特征。阐述了有关水生动物性选择机制和父权贡献研究中存在的问题,提出通过＂行为学实验、生化学检测和遗传学分析＂的同步进行和多重验证,进一步揭示水生动物多次交配行为的进化机制,为水生动物遗传多样性保护、人工繁育和资源增殖等提供科学依据。

英文摘要：

Multiple mating is common in many aquatic animals during their reproductive seasons.This paper reviews the research literature on reproductive strategies of multiple mating and paternity about aquatic animals,with the focus on the characteristics of sexual selection and the mechanisms and doubleedged sword of multiple mating.Here,we provided a direct description of sperm competition,which was consisted of sperm displacement,cryptic female choice,patterns and guarding behavior.The feature of multiple paternity in some species,including fishes,gastropods,cephalopod and crustacean,was also listed.The existing problems of the bias on paternity and sexual selection were elaborated,as well as the synchronism and verification of behavioral experiments,biochemical detection and genetic analysis.The paper aimed to reveal the evolutionary mechanism of multiple mating and provide some referential information for the research on genetic diversity,artificial breeding and stock enhancement of aquatic animals.