中文摘要：

对药用真菌星裂硬皮马勃进行生药学研究，为其开发应用提供依据。采集星裂硬皮马勃子实体，通过性状鉴别、菌丝和孢子显微特征观察，结合文献资料鉴定种类。利用薄层色谱建立星裂硬皮马勃专属性薄层鉴别特征，利用高效液相色谱法测定其化学成分含量。经过性状及显微特征观察，确定为药用真菌星裂硬皮马勃（Scleroderma polyrhizum Pers．）。薄层鉴别研究发现具有多个专属性的薄层色谱斑点，并含有麦角甾醇。高效液相色谱法测定其麦角甾醇含量为0．18％、甘露醇含量为0．50％。通过星裂硬皮马勃性状鉴别、扫描电镜下菌丝和孢子特征观察、薄层色谱鉴别，可综合鉴别星裂硬皮马勃的真伪，为其鉴别提供了参考依据。麦角甾醇和甘露醇含量可作为其质量控制的重要指标，也为今后星裂硬皮马勃开发利用提供科学数据。

英文摘要：

The pharmacognostics of medicinal fungi Scleroderma polyrhizum Pets. were studied, which provided a identifying ba- sis for the development and application. The sporophore of S. polyrhizum was collected so that its species was identified by re- searching morphological of microscopic characteristics of spore and mycelium as well as literature. TLC was used to establish the specificity of S. polyrhizum, and its chemical composition content were determined by HPLC. The collected S. polyrhizum was i- dentified as the medicinal fungi puffballs, after the study of characters and microscopic characteristics. A plurality of specific TLC spots were found in TLC study, including ergosterol. The ergosterol content were determined of 0.18% using HPLC method and the content of mannitol was 0.5% in S. polyrhizum. We can identify comprehensively the authenticity of S. polyrhizum through the identification of characters, observing the characteristics of spore and mycelium by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope and TLC atlas, it provided the referenced evidence for the identification of S. polyrhizum. The content of er- gosterol and mannitol can be selected as an important indicator for quality control in S. polyrhizum, and provided scientific data for its development and utilization in the future.