中文摘要：

目的研究脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）辅助施万细胞治疗实验性自身免疫性神经炎（EAN）的效果，并探讨其作用机制。方法用400μP2（57-81）多肽和弗氏完全佐剂的混合乳液免疫125只Lewis大鼠建立EAN模型。分别在致敏14d经小脑延髓池注射羟基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺脂荧光染料（CFSE）标记的施万细胞（SCs移植组，n=28）或经BDNF处理的施万细胞（SCs＋BDNF移植组，n=48），其余为EAN模型组（n=49），以致敏45d作为研究终点。每日对大鼠进行临床瘫痪评分；分别于致敏25、35及45d处死部分大鼠，取其坐骨神经进行移植细胞追踪，采用HE、Luxol坚牢绿-焦油紫及免疫组织化学染色，评价炎性细胞浸润及脱髓鞘情况，并比较CD4、CD8、CD65、S-100及神经生长因子（NGF）阳性细胞数量差异。结果致敏大鼠均发病，植入的施万细胞能向脱髓鞘神经组织迁移。与EAN模型组比较，SCs移植组各时间点各指标差异均无统计学意义；SCs＋BDNF移植组大鼠瘫痪程度恢复较快，致敏45d临床瘫痪评分分值降低，致敏25及35d炎性细胞浸润（EAN模型组：325．8±10．8、221．4±35．2；SCs＋BDNF移植组：307．3±4．6、197．2±16．8）减少（t=2．172，P=0．031；t=3．756，P=0．000），CD4、CD8及CD68阳性细胞数均减少，致敏35及45d髓鞘脱失程度（EAN模型组：3．4±0．5、2．94-0．8；SCs＋BDNF移植组：2．9±0．8、2．3±0．5）减轻（t=-7．408，P=0．000；t=-6．092，P=0．000），致敏25、35及45dS-100阳性细胞数均增高，而NGF的阳性细胞数均降低。结论经小脑延髓池植入的施万细胞可以迁徙到坐骨神经。BDNF辅助施万细胞移植治疗EAN有一定的疗效，可能通过抑制炎性细胞浸润，提高供体施万细胞活性，促进神经组织S-100表达及减少NGF应激性增高而发挥作用；而施万细胞单独移植治疗EAN无效。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the therapeutic potential of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and Schwann cells（SCs） in experimental autoimmune neuritis （EAN） and assess the effect and mechanism. Methods EAN model was established by immunization of Lewis rats with 400 μg of specific peptide P2（57-81） and complete Freund adjuvant. In the therapy group, the SCs（n = 28） and the combination of BDNF administration and SCs （ n = 48 ） were labeled by the nuclear fluorescent dye injected into the intracerebroventricularly in 14 d after immunization. Transplanted cell migration tracking respectively were at 25, 35 and 45 days after immunization. The rats were observed for signs of disease daily and subjected to clinical score, of which the sciatic nerves were subjected to histopathological examination （hematoxylin eosinstaining, luxol-fast-green and immunohistochemical staining）. The inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination were assessed, and the CD4, CD8 , CD68, S-100 and nerve growth factor （NGF） positive cells numbers were compared among the 3 different groups. Results All the rats had the neurological deficits. Compared with control group, there were no significant differences in SCs therapy group. In SCs ＋ BDNF therapy group, the recovery of paralytic symptom was faster and the score was lower after immunization 45 d.After immunization 25 and 35 days, both the inflammatory cells infiltration （ EAN model group ： 325.8± 10. 8,221.4 ± 35.2;SCs ＋ BDNF transplantation group ：307. 3 ±4. 6, 197. 2 ± 16. 8 ; t = 2. 172,P = 0. 031 ; t =3. 756,P =0. 000）and the expression of CD4＋ ,CD8＋ T cells and CD68＋ macrophages were reduced. After immunization 35, 45 days, the demyelination degree （ EAN model group： 3.4 ± 0. 5, 2. 9 ± 0. 8 ; SCs ＋ BDNF transplantation group ： 2. 9 ± 0. 8, 2. 3 ± 0. 5 ） was reduced （ t = - 7. 408, P = 0. 000 ; t = - 6. 092, P = 0. 000）, the expression of S-IOO is higher, and NGF was lower than the control group in each time po