中文摘要：

基于库仑理论的平面滑裂面假设，综合考虑填土具有黏聚力和内摩擦角、挡土墙墙背和填土面均倾斜、填土与墙背间具有摩擦和黏着力、填土浅表具有张拉裂缝和表面有连续均布超载的复杂情况，采用薄层单元法，导出了作，用于挡土墙上的主动土压力的解析解，可适用于黏性和无黏性填土的复杂条件；且证明现行经典朗肯理论和库仑理论主动土压力是解析解相应简化假设下的特例。多个工程实例计算均表明，公式计算结果与实测主动土压力非线性分布曲线吻合良好，因而解析解对实际工程中主动土压力的计算精度是可靠的，具有推广应用价值。

英文摘要：

Based on the sliding plane hypothesis of Coulumb earth pressure theory, the analytical solution of active earth pressure acting on retaining walls was deduced by using the thin layer element method, considering the complicated circumstances that the backfill was soil with cohesion and friction angle, the back of retaining walls and the ground surface of backfill were both inclined, the frictional and adhesive forces existed on interface between retaining walls and backfill, the tension crack appeared at the shallow part of backfill and even continuous surcharge load acted on the ground surface of backfill. The analytical solution was applicable to the complicated conditions of cohesive soils and non-cohesive soils. Meanwhile it was proven that the prevailing classical Rankine and Coulumb earth pressures were two special examples simplified under the condition of their assumptions, respectively. It was shown by calculations of 3 engineering cases that the active earth pressure distributions computed by the deduced formula agreed well with the measured non-linear ones, indicating that the analytical solution was reliable to be used to calculate the active earth pressure in engineering projects.