中文摘要：

△12-脂肪酸脱氢酶是催化脂肪酸链第12位碳原子形成双键的脱氢酶类,控制着油酸、亚油酸和其他多种不饱和脂肪酸的合成和含量。△12-脂肪酸脱氢酶根据电子供体不同可以分为fad2型和fad6型,fad2又可以分为管家型fad2和种子特异型fad2,fad2型和fad6型具有相同功能,但亲缘关系较远。fad2型编码基因在植物中一般有多个拷贝。本研究从△12-脂肪酸脱氢酶的结构和功能、分类、系统进化、生理学作用、基因克隆、基因结构和拷贝数等方面对其研究进展进行了综述,对相关研究领域的未来研究方向进行了展望。

英文摘要：

△12 fatty acid desaturases（fad2） are key enzymes which catalyze the introduction of double bonds at the delta 12 position in the hydrocarbon chain and thereby convert oleic acid to linoleic acid.They control the synthesis of oleic acid,linoleic acid and other polyunsaturated lipids in plant cells.△12 fatty acid desaturases are categorized into fad2 and fad6 type according to their different electron donors.fad2 type can be further categorized into housekeeping-type and seed-type fad2.fad2 and fad6 types have the same functionality but different genetic relationship.In this article,recent research advances on △12 fatty acid desaturases in terms of their structure and function,classification,evolutionary system,physiological function,gene cloning,gene structure and copy number in plants are reviewed.The directions of the relative research field are also discussed.