中文摘要：

抑郁症作为情感性精神障碍性疾病具有高患病率、高自杀率和低治疗率等特点，其神经生物学机制远未阐明。目前一线抗抑郁药主要基于“单胺策略”而研发，主要包括单胺重摄取抑制剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂和单胺受体配体药物等。尽管效应明确，但也存在有效率不高、起效延迟等较严重缺陷。长期研究证实，抑郁症与5一羟色胺（5一HT）神经系统功能低下密切相关（经典单胺假说）；现代单胺理论认为，5-HT及其单胺自身受体（如5-HT1A等）的适应性和可塑性调节与抑郁症治疗密切相关。近些年对5-HT及其转运蛋白和受体研究取得了系列进展，如对5-HT转运体连锁区域中短（s）等位基因在情绪及认知方面积极作用的发现，5-HT相关受体新拮抗剂或激动剂药理学作用的发现等。5-HT能药物研究也取得了重要突破（如2011年在美国上市的5-HT，。部分激动和5-HT重摄取抑制双靶标新药维拉唑酮）。本文就近年来5-HT神经调节与抑郁症之间关系研究的相关进展进行综述。

英文摘要：

Depression is an affective disorder with high prevalence, high suicide rate and low treatment rate, its neurobiologi cal mechanism remains unclear. Most of current firstline antidepressants are based on the ＂monoamine hypothesis＂, including mono amine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and monoamine receptor ligand drugs. Although their therapeutic effect is def inite, there are still serious defects, such as low response and delayed onset. It has been widely confirmed that depression is closely re lated to low serotonin（5hydroxytryptamine, 5HT） neurotransmission function （classical monoamine hypothesis） ,while modern mono amine theory suggests that the adaptability and plasticity regulation of 5HT and its autoreceptors （such as 5HT1A ） are closely related to the treatment of depression. There are a series of new progress in recent years in the studies of 5HT transporter proteins and 5HT receptors, such as the positive role of S allele of the 5HT transporter chain area in emotion and cognition, and the discoveries of the pharmacological basement of some new 5HTrelated receptor antagonists or agonists. There are also important breakthroughs in sero toninergic drug research and development （such as vilazodone, which approved by the US FDA in 2011, is a dualtarget drug of 5 HT1Apartial agonist and 5HT reuptake inhibitor）. In this review, the recent research progress on the relationship of 5HT neuromodu lation and depression is summarized.