中文摘要：

神经外科是外科领域中基础理论最多、发展最快、问题最多的专科，一名合格的神经外科医生的学习曲线和成长时间也最长，这就对其住院医师培训提出了严格的要求。欧美国家都有着较完善的专科住院医师培训制度，而国内该制度尚不完善，往往各单位有各自的培训方式。本文通过对2000年以来，国内12家医院（省级、市级和区级医院各4家）进行调查，从神经外科培训医师的学习背号、理论知识、基本技能、临床技能和考核审查等方面进行综合比较，拟为建立完善的符合中国国情的神经外科住院医师培训制度提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

Neurosurgery is a subject with the most basic theory, the fastest development and the greatest difficulty need to be resolved. Therefore, to be a qualified neurosurgeon, the longest and complicated study curve and period is mandatory, which proposes the strictest requirement for the residence training. In Europe and America countries, the related complete and standard training course has been founded, while in China, it is still imperfect and various in different level hospitals. Since 2000, through investigation of 12 departments of neurosurgery in different level hospitals, we analyze the study background, speculative knowledge, basic skill, clinical techniques and evaluation system of Chinese neurosurgical residence. As result, this study takes the aim to provide some theoretical evidence for the establishment of the Chinese specialist training system.