中文摘要：

与其他化学修饰,如乙酰化、磷酸化、泛素化等相似,组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化是一个可以逆转的组蛋白修饰,是一个动态调节的过程。赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1（lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1）是一个黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（flavin adenine dinulcleotide,FAD）依赖性胺氧化酶,它能够特异性脱去H3K4和H3K9位点上的单甲基化和二甲基化的甲基基团。LSD1参与调控核受体介导的基因转录,并分别维持染色质的活性和非活性状态,被誉为细胞深处的基因＂开关＂。LSD1的功能失衡可引发多种重要生命现象的改变。主要综述LSD1的结构、作用机制及其在肿瘤发生、胚胎发育、体细胞重编程的调控、细胞分裂和造血等过程中生物学功能的研究新进展。

英文摘要：

Histone lysine methylation is a reversible and dynamic process,which is same as that of other covalent histone modifications such as acetylation,phosphorylation and ubiquitylation.LSD1 is a flavin-dependent amine oxidase,and it is able to catalyze the specific removal of methyl groups from mono-and dimethylated Lys4 and Lys9 of histone H3.Functional studies have demonstrated that LSD1 is involved in nuclear receptor-mediated transcription,and individually maintenances active or inactive chromatin state.LSD1 is known as the innermost gene switch of cells.The imbalance of histone methylation and demethylation leads to alteration of many crucial life phenomena.This article reviews recent insights into the structure and mechanism of LSD1,and its biological functions in cancer,embryonic development,modulation of somatic cell reprogramming,cell division and hematopoiesis.