中文摘要：

目的探讨太原市2012—2014年出生缺陷发生率的空间分布特征,为出生缺陷的有效预防和干预提供科学依据。方法建立街道、乡镇尺度的太原市2012—2014年出生缺陷数据库,利用Arc GIS软件,对全市的出生缺陷作空间分布格局的可视化分析;基于热点分析,探讨太原市出生缺陷发生的空间集聚性和热点区和冷点区。结果太原市出生缺陷发生较多的地区为人口密度较大的中心城区,郊区县出生缺陷发生相对较多的只集中在县城街道,人口稀疏的乡镇出生缺陷发生数量较少。出生缺陷率最高的乡镇、街道主要分布在郊区的古交市和阳曲县,城区的乡镇、街道出生缺陷率相对较低。南部的清徐县出生缺陷率相对较低。中心城区的出生缺陷率的空间差异较小,而郊区县市出生缺陷率的空间差异较大。热点分析结果表明,阳曲县东北部具有相对较明显的出生缺陷热点区（Z〉1.96,P〈0.05）,娄烦县东北部有较为明显的冷点区（Z〈-1.96,P〈0.05）。结论太原市2012—2014年出生缺陷率整体而言郊区高于市区,存在明显的出生缺陷高发热点区和低发冷点区,应针对不同区域制定相应的预防控制措施。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the spatial pattern of the incidence rate of birth defect in Taiyuan during 2012-2014, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of birth defect. Methods Based on the street/town level database of Taiyuan birth defect in 2012-2014, Arc GIS tools were used to visualize and analyze the spatial pattern of birth defect, global and local autocorrelation analysis and hot spot analysis were used to detect the spatial distribution of birth defect. Result During 2012-2014, the majority of the birth defect cases were from the urban areas with high population density. The regions with high incidence rate of birth defect were Gujiao and Yangqu. Qingxu County in the south regions of Taiyuan had relatively lower rates. Generally, the suburban counties had higher spatial heterogeneity in the incidence rate of birth defect than the central urban regions. The result of hot spot analysis indicated that, the northeast of Yangqu County had a hot spot of birth defect（Z1.96, P〈0.05）, and the northeast of Loufan County had a cold spot of birth defect（Z〉1.96, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The incidence rate of birth defect in Taiyuan shows great spatial characteristics. There are obvious hot spot and cold spot of birth defect in Taiyuan. Reasonable prevention and intervention measures should be taken according to the spatial patterns and regional differentiation of birth defect in Taiyuan.