中文摘要：

在成本和需求同时扰动下,研究了1个制造商和2个竞争零售商组成的闭环供应链系统中的最优生产决策与协调机制设计问题。研究发现：产量和回收率对成本和需求的扰动都具有鲁棒性;销售价格对成本的扰动也具有鲁棒性,但对需求的扰动不具有鲁棒性,随着需求的增加而增加;当面临较大有利影响的扰动时,集中决策者、制造商和零售商都愿意改变原有决策;当面临较大不利影响的扰动时,集中决策者和制造商也愿意改变决策,但零售商更希望保持原有决策;相对于成本扰动而言,需求扰动对最优决策的影响更大。数量折扣契约可以协调扰动前后的闭环供应链,但当存在较大不利影响的扰动时,制造商给予零售商的数量折扣率将减少。

英文摘要：

This paper studies the production and coordination decisions in the closed-loop supply chain with one manufacturer and two competing retailers that experiences cost and demand perturbations.The analysis shows that the optimal production quantity and return rate are robust under cost and demand perturbations,while the optimal selling price is only robust under cost perturbations.We also find that the centralized decision-maker,the manufacturer and the retailer all prefer to adjust their decisions when facing considerably profitable perturbations;the centralized decision-maker and manufacturer want to adjust their decisions while the retailer tends to maintain his original decisions when facing considerably harmful disruptions.In addition,the demand perturbations have more influence on optimal decisions than the cost perturbations.The coordination of closed-loop supply chain with/without perturbations can be achieved by quantity-discount contract;while less quantity discounts are provided by manufacturer under markedly harmful disruptions.