中文摘要：

微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是一类长度为19～25个核苷酸、细胞内源性表达的单链非编码RNA，其通过转录后抑制或mRNA降解调控靶基因的表达，进一步调控靶蛋白参与的信号通路。微小RNA－128（miR－128）是一种在神经系统中高表达的miRNA，在神经系统的发育及正常生理功能的维持中发挥重要作用，其异常表达与神经胶质瘤、阿尔茨海默病等疾病密切相关。近年研究证实，miR－128与多种肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡、侵袭和转移有关。miR－128已成为与肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后相关的具有潜在价值的肿瘤标志物，并有望成为肿瘤治疗的新靶点。就miR-128与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of small endogenous non-coding single chain RNAs containing 19-25 nucleotides, which regulate the expression of target genes through post-translational repression or mRNA degradation, thus further modulating its related signal transduction networks. MicroRNA-128 （miR-128） is a kind of brain-enriched miRNA, and plays important roles in the development of the nervous system and the maintenance of its normal physiological functions. It was reported that the aberrant expression of miR-128 is closely associated with glioma, Alzheimer＇s disease, etc. Recent studies demonstrated that miR-128 is involved in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of various tumor cells, miR-128 may serve as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, and is expected to become a new target for tumor therapy. In this review, we will focus on the relationship between miR-128 and malignant tumors.