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中文摘要：
本文综述由碳、硅、硼氮和二硫化钼等单元素或双元素构成的二维六角晶体材料中Dirac电子的研究成果与最新进展。文章从引言开始，接着介绍这些二维六角晶体材料的空间结构和基本电子性质；然后探讨外场调控下这些材料在能谱和光吸收、量子输运、激子凝聚和热Josephson效应，以及拓扑量子相变等方面所表现出来的新奇的物理现象、简要的理论处理和可能的应用前景；最后给出二维六角晶体材料相关研究的总结和展望。谨以本文献给南京大学建立物理学科100周年。
英文摘要：
We review here the research results and latest progress in studying Dirac electrons in two- dimensional hexagonal crystalline materials composed of single element or double elements like carbon, silicon, boron nitride and molybdenum disulfide. Following a short introduction, the paper discusses the spatial structures and elementary electronic properties of the two-dimensional hexagonal crystalline materials, and analyzes the novel physical phenomena, provides simple theoretical treatments and shows possible applications in near future, involved in the energy spectra and optical absorption, quantum transport, exciton condensation and thermal Josephson effect, as well as topological quantum phase transitions under external fields; finally it gives a summary and perspective for the field. We would like to present this paper to the 100 anniversary of physical discipline in Nanjing University.
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