中文摘要：

中药材生态变异与生态型的分化和形成是物种种内对不同环境生态条件长期适应与自然选择，在形态、生理、生化上表现出差异的结果。这种种内变异是中药材品质优劣和疗效差异的实质。我国复杂多样的气候地理生态条件，形成了特有的多道地、多产地现缘，即中药材生态型的多样性。中药材生态变异和生态型的分类已成为值得探索的重要科学问题。着重对生态型的定义、中药材生态变异、中药材生态型的划分等研究现状进行概述。认为中药材生态型喇分为气候生态型、地理生态型、群落生态型、化学生态型、品种生态型；提出了当前中药材生态型研究面临的关键性问题，即科学把握叶药材种内变异的分类学地位，中药材生态型的生态特征及影响生态型形成的决定因素，生态型与环境、品质、遗传基础的栩关性及不同生态型之间的关系，并对研究思路和实施策略进行了阐述。

英文摘要：

A Ecological variation, ecotype differentiation and formation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials （TCMM） are the results of long-term ecological adaptation and natural selection of intra-species in different environmental and ecological conditions expressed in shape, physiology, and biochemistry. Intra-specific variation is the essence of different quality and efficacy of the TCMM. Due to the complex and diverse climatic and geographical ecological conditions in China, unique eco-diversity of TCMM has been formed, which is characterized by multi-local and multi-Daodi TCMM. Ecological variation and ecotype classification have become an important scientific issue and challenge. This paper gives the definition of ecotype, ecological variation, and division of ecotype for TCMM, and summarizes the progress related to this field. The ecotypes of TCMM mainly include climatype, geoecotype, synecotype, chemoecotype, and genoecotype. The key problems in the research of TCMM ecotypes are to scientifically make sure the taxonomic status of intra-specific variation, ecological characteristics of TCMM ecotypes and the determinative factors influencing the formation of ecotype, correlations between ecotypes and environment, quality and hereditary basis and relationships between different ecotypes. And also the research thinking and implementation strategy are also elaborated.