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中文摘要：
冻胀融沉给工程建设及运营带来了极大的危害,是科研人员及工程建设者迫切需要解决的重大问题.土在冻结及融化过程中会产生水分迁移、冰水共存、固结和冻结缘等现象,这些现象的产生涉及到冻结及融化过程中冰水相变、冰分凝和水分迁移等关键机制的研究.目前,冰水相变、冰分凝和水分迁移等机制的研究已成为解决冻胀融沉问题的重点及难点.冻融过程是建立在热力学基础上关于水分场、应力场及温度场的三场耦合过程,其数值模拟正处于由水-热耦合到水-热-力耦合的演化阶段.而冻结缘参数的测试和确定是理论探索和数值模拟的关键.近几十年来,随着实验技术的发展,各种先进的探头及仪器设备被开发应用于冻结及融化过程的室内或者场地试验研究,以期揭示其内部的微结构特征及其热力学机理.因此,系统地总结和分析土在冻结及融化过程中的现象、机理、试验条件以及数值模拟等工作,将对土冻结及融化过程的认识及研究有着至关重要的作用.
英文摘要：
Frost heave and thaw settlement have significant implications on construction and the safety operation of projects in cold regions,and thus are the urgent important issues to be solved for researchers.Soils subjected to freezing or thawing would cause various phenomena such as water migration,unfrozen water,consolidation and frozen fringe.These phenomena are closely related to their thermodynamics processes involving the mechanism of phase change of water and ice,ice segregation and water migration.However,the mechanism study has currently become a significant challenge.The freeze-thaw process is a complex thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling process in a thermodynamic framework.Numerical simulation of the process is developing from thermohydro coupling to thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling,which involves the evolution and mutual relations between pore water pressure,ice pressure, effective stress and pore pressure. Therefore, measurements of the parameters of frozen fringe are the key of theoretical study and numerical simulation.In recent decades,with the developing in technology a variety of advanced instruments and probes have been designed and used to uncover the micro-structural characteristics and thermodynamics mechanism of soils during the laboratory or field experiments.Herein,a detailed review was given about the phenomena,mechanism,testing condition and relevant numerical models associated with the freezing and thawing processes in soils, which will be a favor to the further understanding and research.
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