中文摘要：

深水油气勘探开发中，井喷事故会造成巨大损失，因此随着深水油气开发力度的不断加大，有必要开展深水井喷应急技术研究。跟踪国内外深水井喷应急技术最新进展，将9种深水井喷应急技术分为完全井喷控制技术、暂时井喷控制技术、井喷危害减轻技术等3类。阐述了各深水井喷应急技术的原理、工作过程、适用条件、设计思路及成熟程度，并对各应急技术的研究重点提出了建议。针对我国深水井喷应急技术的研究和发展现状，建议重点开展深水高效救援井技术、简易防喷器技术、深水水下井控应急作业技术、深水井喷油气举升技术和深水井喷水合物抑制技术等5个方面的研究工作。

英文摘要：

Blowout during deepwater petroleum exploration and development can cause huge losses. As oil and gas development in deepwater pushes forward forcefully,it is necessary to begin the study on emergency methods to stop blowout in deepwater. Following the latest progress in deepwater blowout emergency technologies abroad, 9 deepwater blowout emergency technologies are divided into 3 categories, complete control technology, temporary control technology and damage reduction technology. The paper presents their principles, working process, applicable conditions, design thinking and maturity, and points out burning issues of each technology. Finally, according to the situation of this technology in our country,it is suggested that 5 aspects should be the center of future study, namely efficient deepwater relief well, capping stack,underwater emergency well control operation, oil and gas lifting technology, and inhibition of gas hydrate.